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PROFESSOR: Well
welcome everybody.

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I think most of the people
here in this class--

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the presentations in this hour
are teams Kate, Don, and Chris.

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So team Don, in
particular, if you

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want to make sure you're
cued up and ready to go,

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that would be great.

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The presentations are
nine minutes in length.

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We will have a hard
stop at nine minutes.

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I have some signs
that we'll show,

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and why don't we get to it.

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We have three
presentations in this hour.

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We should introduce the
panelists quickly as well.

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Julie, do you want to start?

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And then maybe Rob as well.

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A quick introduction,
that'd be great.

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JULIE GREENBERG: Sure.

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I'm Julie Greenberg.

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I work for MIT through
the Institute of Medical

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Engineering and Science and the
Programming, Health Sciences

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and Technology.

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And I'm excited to see
these presentations.

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ROB MILLER: I'm Rob Miller.

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I'm a professor of
computer science here,

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and I'm one of the [INAUDIBLE].

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PROFESSOR: OK.

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Team Kate, take it away.

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PHILLIP ABEL: Hello everyone.

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We are Team Kate.

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My name is Philip Abel.

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And with me here is
Raquel, Jenny, and Dhruv.

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Today we're going to talk
about the project we worked

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on all semester, particularly
on the different prototypes

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that we created for different
cochlear implants [INAUDIBLE]

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that we created over the
course of the semester.

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The design process
that we went through,

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the experiments that we
ran, and the results we got,

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and what we learnt
from the process.

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So let's talk
about client, Kate.

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Kate works at a Cambridge
Disability Center,

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which means she is particularly
concerned with ensuring

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that homeowners in
the Cambridge area

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follow the guidelines
that ensure that people

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with special needs can access
buildings, in the Cambridge

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area specifically.

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So that's just an example of
one of the things she does.

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And in addition to that, she
has a profound hearing loss

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and wears cochlear implants.

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There are two main
problems with this

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that Kate wants-- at the
beginning of the semester, two

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main problems that Kate
wanted us to address

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were the issue that her
cochlear implants weren't

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water-resistant, and
then, in addition to that,

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the implants-- she wasn't
able to properly distinguish

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between noise from behind her
or when someone was speaking

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in front of her whenever she
was in a noisy settings--

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in a noisy setting, sorry.

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So it was this problem
that we decided to tackle.

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And for this, we came
up with a HAAT context,

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which was to create cochlear
implants attachments

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that provide water-resistance
and then also enable

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sound blocking.

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So the idea of having
water-resistance

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was to have something that would
help Kate be able to go out

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whenever-- let's say in seasons
when it rains more often,

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she would be able
to go out and not

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have to worry about whether her
implants are going to get wet

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or not.

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And then in addition
to that, we decided--

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we also thought
about making covers

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that would enable her to
hear more clearly whenever

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she is in a noisy sitting.

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In particular, she would
be able to distinguish

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between the sound that's
coming in front of her

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from the one behind her.

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Then, in addition to
that, we didn't really

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tackle the problem
of attachment,

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but it was just one
main idea that we

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tried to integrate into
all the different covers

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that we made, to ensure that
whenever she attached it

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on her ear, it's
wouldn't fall off.

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So over the course
of the semester,

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we brainstormed
different prototypes.

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At first, we began
with this idea

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of creating one
compact cover that

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would have all the
functionality she wanted.

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For example, a cover that would
be water-resistant in addition

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to blocking sound.

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But when we spoke with Kate
during the iterative design

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process, Kate told us she would
want a more modular design.

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So we decided to go
with a modular approach.

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So Raquel will take
it over from here.

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RAQUEL: OK, so I'm
going to talk now

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about the process of
creating our prototypes.

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So here you see version
one of our prototype.

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So what we used
originally was just plain

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Instamorph, which
is plastic pellets

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that you can melt down and
form into solid plastic.

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So if you see in
the top left here,

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those were our original
ideas for the rain cover.

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So something to cover the
ear piece of the cochlear

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implant, and then something
to cover the coil piece, which

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is the flat, disk-like piece.

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And then on the right
here were our ideas

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for the sound
blocking attachments.

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So we had this idea
to just slip something

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onto the implant itself.

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If you look at
the picture above,

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the microphone is
actually located right

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on the very top of that curve.

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So that's why we're creating
these pieces-- to basically

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fit right there
on the top, where

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the microphone is located.

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We also dabbled a
little bit in trying

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to create some things out
of silicone and clear resin

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and didn't have much
success on that,

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but it was part of the process.

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So these are v2 prototypes.

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So we started to try
and think about how

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we can make these more
aesthetically pleasing.

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We tried to start incorporating
color into the Instamorph,

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incorporating a little hood
for the cord that comes out

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of the implant and
also incorporating

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a back layer to the rain cover.

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So here you see a plastic sheet
to provide water resistance

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on the back side of
the cover as well.

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And then here is
the next version

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of the sound-blocking
prototype, which

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we made of Sugru, which
we found we could just

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make look a lot nicer and
smoother than with Instamorph.

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So then onto our
final prototypes--

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it's kind of the next round.

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So on the left is a new
version of the sound-blocking

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with Sugru, but with
a lot less Sugru,

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so it's a lot less heavier.

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And then we incorporated
Dycem, which

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is a material that
provides grip,

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because we were having an
issue with it falling off

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of the implant.

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The middle part
is the coil cover.

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So we did end up using black
Instamorph with the back cover.

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I'll just say really
quickly, and then a vinyl

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cover for the water cover.

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Final prototypes two-- so we
are moving forward with the ear

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cover, with 3D printing.

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So these are our
first prints of that.

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And we're working with
Danger!Awesome to make these

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look a little nicer and
continue on with that.

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DHRUV: So in order to determine
the [INAUDIBLE] prototype,

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we performed two
sets of experiments.

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So one is the
sound-blocking experiment,

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and the other was the
water-resistance task.

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So in the sound-blocking
experiment,

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we actually divided
it into two parts.

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One was the
quantitative estimation,

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where we wanted to quantify
how well our cover actually

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blocked sound from behind and
enhanced sound from the front.

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The other was the
qualitative analysis.

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And we wanted to [? value if ?]
the cover actually

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caused increased
comprehension for Kate or not.

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And the other type was
the water resistant touch.

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And the goal was to
restrict the amount of water

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that goes into the implant.

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So the sound-blocking
experiment,

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we asked Kate to touch in the
center of the [INAUDIBLE] table

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in one of the quiet classrooms
of the [INAUDIBLE] department.

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We placed the laptop at
various angles around Kate,

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and placed at different
frequencies and intensities.

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For each angle, and
for each intensity,

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we wanted to determine the
minimal threshold at which Kate

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is able to hear the sound.

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This experiment was performed
both with and without

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the cover.

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00:08:37,530 --> 00:08:40,000
On the right, you can
see the comparison

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of the result for both with
and without the cover--

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had a frequency of 1000Hz.

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As you can see, the
listening of [INAUDIBLE]

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and in the field
of view of Kate,

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and with the [? anterior ?]
views behind Kate.

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JENNY: For the water resistance
testing, we did two tests.

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One was this water bead
test where we put water

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00:09:11,580 --> 00:09:16,265
on top of the cover to just
measure whether the cover was

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actually waterproof or not, and
we put the implant, and then

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a paper towel, and
then the cover on top

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and let the water sit for both
10 seconds and then 10 minutes

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and then checked to see if there
was any wetness underneath that

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00:09:32,090 --> 00:09:33,810
seeped onto the paper towel.

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There ended up not being any
witness on the water bead test

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00:09:37,480 --> 00:09:40,590
and-- for the water bead
test and the rain test.

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And the rain test was
just another one where

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it is a little more realistic.

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We placed the implant
on a vertical surface

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with the coil cover as well
and then splashed water on it

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00:09:51,640 --> 00:09:54,940
as if it were
raining, and we also

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found that there was
no wetness either.

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00:09:59,830 --> 00:10:03,100
So for the subjective
results-- this

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is, I guess, another term
for Kate's feedback--

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00:10:08,460 --> 00:10:11,460
she provided very good
feedback from the beginning.

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00:10:11,460 --> 00:10:13,650
She was really involved
with our design process,

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00:10:13,650 --> 00:10:17,530
and these are a couple quotes
that we pulled from the most

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00:10:17,530 --> 00:10:21,720
recent feedback she gave us
on the sound blocking covers,

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00:10:21,720 --> 00:10:26,030
and we actually tested them out
at a restaurant-- using them

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00:10:26,030 --> 00:10:28,570
at a restaurant in
a noisy environment,

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just to find a realistic
setting and found

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00:10:31,880 --> 00:10:34,801
that the designs worked well.

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00:10:34,801 --> 00:10:36,426
PROFESSOR: In another
30 seconds or so,

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00:10:36,426 --> 00:10:38,800
you should probably wrap up.

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JENNY: That's perfect, because
this is the last slide.

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00:10:42,310 --> 00:10:46,270
So a few things we
learned-- our project was

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00:10:46,270 --> 00:10:48,630
kind of this
assistive technology

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00:10:48,630 --> 00:10:51,420
that we were augmenting onto
Kate's assistive technology,

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00:10:51,420 --> 00:10:52,650
her cochlear implants.

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00:10:52,650 --> 00:10:57,410
And that was interesting for
us to learn that-- of course,

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00:10:57,410 --> 00:10:59,740
assistive technology is
supposed to help someone

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00:10:59,740 --> 00:11:03,240
with their disability, but
it's, of course, not perfect,

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00:11:03,240 --> 00:11:07,270
and we had to patch it to
make it even better and more

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00:11:07,270 --> 00:11:09,490
useful for Kate.

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00:11:09,490 --> 00:11:13,810
Throughout the design process
we explored a lot of options,

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00:11:13,810 --> 00:11:15,510
and we felt that
we could have gone

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00:11:15,510 --> 00:11:19,870
through this process faster
finding that ends quicker

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00:11:19,870 --> 00:11:22,840
so that we could have moved
on and created more prototypes

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00:11:22,840 --> 00:11:25,212
and gone even further
in our project.

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PROFESSOR: Great.

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00:11:25,920 --> 00:11:26,890
Thanks very much.

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00:11:26,890 --> 00:11:29,095
[APPLAUSE]

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00:11:30,170 --> 00:11:32,590
We will get questions
from the panelists first.

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00:11:32,590 --> 00:11:33,600
Rob, Julie?

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00:11:33,600 --> 00:11:34,850
ROB MILLER: Sure, I can start.

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00:11:34,850 --> 00:11:39,798
So how many of these prototypes
showed a whole range of things?

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00:11:39,798 --> 00:11:44,154
Which of those actually
made it into Kate's ears?

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00:11:44,154 --> 00:11:46,574
JENNY: [INAUDIBLE] step back.

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00:11:54,150 --> 00:11:56,055
This prototype, the
3D printed piece,

239
00:11:56,055 --> 00:11:57,930
is something we're
actually going to go with.

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00:11:57,930 --> 00:12:00,670
And all of them made
it onto Kate's ears.

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00:12:00,670 --> 00:12:03,740
She wore them all at
some point, but this

242
00:12:03,740 --> 00:12:06,900
is the final, final one.

243
00:12:06,900 --> 00:12:10,200
And then the coil that you see
in the middle-- this one here

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00:12:10,200 --> 00:12:13,140
is made out of Instamorph,
and we decided not to 3D-print

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00:12:13,140 --> 00:12:18,760
that, because this is already
of pretty good quality--

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00:12:18,760 --> 00:12:21,439
or of quality good
enough that we wanted

247
00:12:21,439 --> 00:12:22,730
to use for our final prototype.

248
00:12:22,730 --> 00:12:24,470
So this is also going
to be used as well.

249
00:12:27,837 --> 00:12:29,905
JULIE GREENBERG: Could
you go to the slide

250
00:12:29,905 --> 00:12:31,250
that shows the sound testing?

251
00:12:31,250 --> 00:12:31,750
JENNY: Yeah.

252
00:12:36,550 --> 00:12:39,790
JULIE GREENBERG: And could
you-- [INAUDIBLE] OK.

253
00:12:43,590 --> 00:12:47,870
So your results show
that it was enhanced

254
00:12:47,870 --> 00:12:50,270
a little bit-- the sounds
coming from the front.

255
00:12:50,270 --> 00:12:53,380
And it was mostly suppression
of sounds coming from the rear?

256
00:12:53,380 --> 00:12:53,880
JENNY: Yes.

257
00:12:53,880 --> 00:12:56,105
JULIE GREENBERG:
And that was all

258
00:12:56,105 --> 00:12:59,301
tested with the 1000Hz tone?

259
00:12:59,301 --> 00:12:59,800
JENNY: Yeah.

260
00:12:59,800 --> 00:13:03,370
JULIE GREENBERG: Or were
there multiple frequencies?

261
00:13:03,370 --> 00:13:05,310
PHILLIP ABEL: There were
multiple frequencies

262
00:13:05,310 --> 00:13:06,432
at which we tested.

263
00:13:06,432 --> 00:13:08,390
JULIE GREENBERG: Becasue
these are the results?

264
00:13:08,390 --> 00:13:12,590
PHILLIP ABEL: So these are the
results that we got from that.

265
00:13:12,590 --> 00:13:14,240
I think Dhruv was
the one in charge

266
00:13:14,240 --> 00:13:18,010
of the sound
directionality test.

267
00:13:18,010 --> 00:13:22,320
DHRUV: So actually it was
tested at different frequencies.

268
00:13:22,320 --> 00:13:26,560
Like the normal frequencies
for getting an audiogram, which

269
00:13:26,560 --> 00:13:28,740
is [INAUDIBLE] from
250Hz, then it's goes up

270
00:13:28,740 --> 00:13:31,230
to eight kilohertz.

271
00:13:31,230 --> 00:13:33,100
But the results that
we have accumulated

272
00:13:33,100 --> 00:13:36,450
are just for one frequency,
which is like one kilohertz,

273
00:13:36,450 --> 00:13:38,570
but in the final report
that we're [INAUDIBLE],

274
00:13:38,570 --> 00:13:40,320
we will mention about
all the differences,

275
00:13:40,320 --> 00:13:42,360
with all the tables and do that.

276
00:13:42,360 --> 00:13:45,700
So just to give an idea of how
the tech performed we actually

277
00:13:45,700 --> 00:13:48,518
mentioned only one kind of
frequency in the presentation.

278
00:13:48,518 --> 00:13:49,351
JULIE GREENBERG: OK.

279
00:13:49,351 --> 00:13:49,940
Thank you.

280
00:13:49,940 --> 00:13:53,816
I wanted to understand this, but
now I want to ask the addition.

281
00:13:53,816 --> 00:13:58,130
So at the beginning
you mentioned--

282
00:13:58,130 --> 00:14:00,740
so I wanted to see
if you could clarify

283
00:14:00,740 --> 00:14:03,570
both what the goals
were in terms of--

284
00:14:03,570 --> 00:14:05,860
was it about distinguishing
sounds front and back,

285
00:14:05,860 --> 00:14:09,359
or was it suppressing
some and enhancing others?

286
00:14:09,359 --> 00:14:10,900
DHRUV: Could you
repeat the question?

287
00:14:10,900 --> 00:14:12,610
I'm sorry, I'm
having hearing loss.

288
00:14:12,610 --> 00:14:15,520
Could you repeat the question?

289
00:14:15,520 --> 00:14:20,400
JULIE GREENBERG: Was
the goal of the design

290
00:14:20,400 --> 00:14:23,725
distinguish where the sound
the sound was coming from,

291
00:14:23,725 --> 00:14:26,579
or to help her hear some
sounds and not others depending

292
00:14:26,579 --> 00:14:27,740
on the direction?

293
00:14:27,740 --> 00:14:30,080
DHRUV: I would say no to both.

294
00:14:30,080 --> 00:14:34,860
It was more about
blocking sound from behind

295
00:14:34,860 --> 00:14:37,620
and enhancing sound from front.

296
00:14:37,620 --> 00:14:41,140
So [INAUDIBLE] just about
analyzing the 2D space

297
00:14:41,140 --> 00:14:44,225
around Kate so that they could
block the background noise

298
00:14:44,225 --> 00:14:46,500
and actually
understand that it's

299
00:14:46,500 --> 00:14:48,780
coming from the
conversation in the front.

300
00:14:48,780 --> 00:14:50,846
JULIE GREENBERG: So you
were using direction

301
00:14:50,846 --> 00:14:54,410
to define what was desirable
and what was undesirable.

302
00:14:54,410 --> 00:14:55,410
DHRUV: Exactly, exactly.

303
00:14:55,410 --> 00:14:57,520
I mean it was not
very well-defined,

304
00:14:57,520 --> 00:14:59,640
but you could see
the field of view

305
00:14:59,640 --> 00:15:06,130
that we have catered here, from
the [INAUDIBLE] field of view.

306
00:15:06,130 --> 00:15:08,730
it was about 135
degrees, and we were

307
00:15:08,730 --> 00:15:12,170
able to argue that
in the field of view

308
00:15:12,170 --> 00:15:15,180
that is about 135 degrees
for a normal [? woman, ?]

309
00:15:15,180 --> 00:15:17,010
we were able to enhance sound.

310
00:15:17,010 --> 00:15:19,740
And from the behind, that is,
outside the field of view,

311
00:15:19,740 --> 00:15:21,958
we reduced the sound.

312
00:15:21,958 --> 00:15:25,354
JULIE GREENBERG: So how did that
goal then affect your design?

313
00:15:25,354 --> 00:15:27,900
Because the other thing
that I was hoping your

314
00:15:27,900 --> 00:15:31,635
could calrify-- I think this is
a question for the whole team--

315
00:15:31,635 --> 00:15:36,080
is the fact that
at one point you

316
00:15:36,080 --> 00:15:39,300
said Kate wanted
modular solutions,

317
00:15:39,300 --> 00:15:42,296
but you attempted
to design something

318
00:15:42,296 --> 00:15:44,129
that would provide both
the water-resistance

319
00:15:44,129 --> 00:15:46,524
and the sound-blocking
in a single device.

320
00:15:46,524 --> 00:15:48,440
So how did that
all fit together?

321
00:15:52,370 --> 00:15:54,210
RAQUEL: So what
you said is right.

322
00:15:54,210 --> 00:15:57,390
Our first thought was,
let's make one large cover

323
00:15:57,390 --> 00:15:59,900
that can provide the
rain protection and also

324
00:15:59,900 --> 00:16:01,530
some sound-blocking.

325
00:16:01,530 --> 00:16:04,882
But she wanted a more
modular approach, I think,

326
00:16:04,882 --> 00:16:07,090
because it's not always
raining, and you don't always

327
00:16:07,090 --> 00:16:08,120
need this large cover.

328
00:16:08,120 --> 00:16:10,180
So she wanted something
smaller that she can just

329
00:16:10,180 --> 00:16:11,680
put on a little bit
more discreetly.

330
00:16:11,680 --> 00:16:13,680
Like if she's in a
meeting, for example,

331
00:16:13,680 --> 00:16:16,500
and she's really more focused
on the sound directionality,

332
00:16:16,500 --> 00:16:19,000
or she's out with her friends,
and she's really more focused

333
00:16:19,000 --> 00:16:21,982
on hearing what they're
saying in a noisy environment.

334
00:16:21,982 --> 00:16:24,455
JULIE GREENBERG: Do you
design two different things?

335
00:16:24,455 --> 00:16:25,580
I guess I'm still confused.

336
00:16:25,580 --> 00:16:27,996
You designed two different
things, and which one of that--

337
00:16:27,996 --> 00:16:29,540
[INTERPOSING VOICES]

338
00:16:33,574 --> 00:16:35,490
RAQUEL: So we did design
two different things.

339
00:16:35,490 --> 00:16:37,290
So one is a set of rain covers.

340
00:16:37,290 --> 00:16:39,900
So a cover for
the ear processor,

341
00:16:39,900 --> 00:16:43,370
which is the curved part, and
then a cover for the coil,

342
00:16:43,370 --> 00:16:44,770
that you see on the right here.

343
00:16:44,770 --> 00:16:47,260
And then the left picture
is the separate piece, which

344
00:16:47,260 --> 00:16:49,647
is the sound-blocking piece.

345
00:16:49,647 --> 00:16:50,230
PROFESSOR: OK.

346
00:16:50,230 --> 00:16:52,396
I think in the interest of
time, we have to move on,

347
00:16:52,396 --> 00:16:53,580
but thank you team Kate.

348
00:16:53,580 --> 00:16:55,663
I think you've done great
work sort of prototyping

349
00:16:55,663 --> 00:16:57,410
through this [INAUDIBLE].

350
00:16:57,410 --> 00:17:00,117
All right great, we're
going to do Team Chris next.

351
00:17:00,117 --> 00:17:01,617
If you can get set
up, that'd great.

352
00:17:07,700 --> 00:17:10,569
CAROLYN: I'm Carolyn, and this
is Phoebe, Durk, and Aarti.

353
00:17:10,569 --> 00:17:12,960
And we are Team Chris.

354
00:17:12,960 --> 00:17:15,849
So some context on our
client-- his activities

355
00:17:15,849 --> 00:17:18,130
that he wants to do and his
assistive technology-- is

356
00:17:18,130 --> 00:17:21,349
that Chris is an MBA
student at Boston College,

357
00:17:21,349 --> 00:17:24,190
and he has a genetic condition
called Miyoshi Myopathy.

358
00:17:24,190 --> 00:17:27,520
Miyoshi Myopathy is a late-onset
form of muscular dystrophy.

359
00:17:27,520 --> 00:17:29,269
So when Chris was
about 22, he started

360
00:17:29,269 --> 00:17:30,810
to feel some weakness
in his muscles,

361
00:17:30,810 --> 00:17:32,140
especially in his legs.

362
00:17:32,140 --> 00:17:33,952
And now he uses
crutches and a scooter,

363
00:17:33,952 --> 00:17:35,660
depending upon the
distance that he wants

364
00:17:35,660 --> 00:17:39,706
to go on campus and at home.

365
00:17:39,706 --> 00:17:41,435
So because he uses
these devices,

366
00:17:41,435 --> 00:17:43,810
he needs to know a little bit
more about his surroundings

367
00:17:43,810 --> 00:17:44,570
before he leaves.

368
00:17:44,570 --> 00:17:46,690
He needs to know if his
route is accessible,

369
00:17:46,690 --> 00:17:49,290
and if his destination is
going to be accessible for him.

370
00:17:49,290 --> 00:17:51,162
And right now uses a
few different things

371
00:17:51,162 --> 00:17:52,120
to help them with that.

372
00:17:52,120 --> 00:17:53,260
He uses Google Maps.

373
00:17:53,260 --> 00:17:55,040
He uses Yelp, and
sometimes he even

374
00:17:55,040 --> 00:17:57,280
calls ahead to see what the
features of the building

375
00:17:57,280 --> 00:17:58,729
are before he arrives.

376
00:17:58,729 --> 00:18:00,270
But what he really
needs is something

377
00:18:00,270 --> 00:18:02,520
that's more centralized
and more comprehensive

378
00:18:02,520 --> 00:18:05,150
so he knows exactly what
his route will look like

379
00:18:05,150 --> 00:18:07,250
and exactly what features
are in the building

380
00:18:07,250 --> 00:18:09,110
before he leaves his house.

381
00:18:09,110 --> 00:18:11,630
So that's what we tried to do,
is create a central location

382
00:18:11,630 --> 00:18:14,910
for all of that data, so
that he has one place to go,

383
00:18:14,910 --> 00:18:16,823
and he will know
ahead of time if he's

384
00:18:16,823 --> 00:18:19,197
going to be able to use the
building the way he wants to.

385
00:18:23,870 --> 00:18:26,430
PHOEBE: So to do that
we made a website

386
00:18:26,430 --> 00:18:29,650
called Successible
Maps, and we based it

387
00:18:29,650 --> 00:18:33,600
on Boston College first,
to scope it down a bit.

388
00:18:33,600 --> 00:18:35,870
Our first step was to
make paper prototypes.

389
00:18:35,870 --> 00:18:39,000
So each team member made
pretty much drawings

390
00:18:39,000 --> 00:18:41,420
of what we thought the
website should look like.

391
00:18:41,420 --> 00:18:44,810
This consisted of either
text or just image-based,

392
00:18:44,810 --> 00:18:46,550
and we presented
this to Chris, and he

393
00:18:46,550 --> 00:18:48,900
picked his favorite features
out of each of them,

394
00:18:48,900 --> 00:18:52,010
and we use that feedback
to create our second paper

395
00:18:52,010 --> 00:18:53,630
prototype.

396
00:18:53,630 --> 00:18:57,470
And here, his feedback was that
he liked the map interface,

397
00:18:57,470 --> 00:19:02,940
and he liked how we had pop-ups
for obstacles such as potholes,

398
00:19:02,940 --> 00:19:05,320
as well as a bigger
pop up on top

399
00:19:05,320 --> 00:19:09,340
of each buildings for
plans, and in there,

400
00:19:09,340 --> 00:19:12,690
flags of obstacles
inside the building

401
00:19:12,690 --> 00:19:14,790
and pictures of different rooms.

402
00:19:14,790 --> 00:19:18,400
Feedback on this
prototype included

403
00:19:18,400 --> 00:19:20,380
a clear distinction
between the floor plan

404
00:19:20,380 --> 00:19:25,380
and the text description
we had of each floor,

405
00:19:25,380 --> 00:19:28,450
as well as a summary page
for every building-- that's

406
00:19:28,450 --> 00:19:30,410
a general overview of
different entrances

407
00:19:30,410 --> 00:19:33,280
and exits for every building.

408
00:19:33,280 --> 00:19:36,280
Our next prototype--
sets of prototypes

409
00:19:36,280 --> 00:19:38,750
are the software
prototypes, which

410
00:19:38,750 --> 00:19:42,030
included our back-end
model of the data,

411
00:19:42,030 --> 00:19:45,380
such as buildings, and
flags, for floor plans,

412
00:19:45,380 --> 00:19:49,320
as well as the front-end of how
the website would look and feel

413
00:19:49,320 --> 00:19:50,950
for our client.

414
00:19:50,950 --> 00:19:54,480
The feedback for this
was that Chris liked it,

415
00:19:54,480 --> 00:19:57,480
and he wanted to see a couple
more icons such as an elevator

416
00:19:57,480 --> 00:20:02,280
icon, as well as time stamps
for every flag obstacle,

417
00:20:02,280 --> 00:20:04,380
or obstacle flag,
or things that pop

418
00:20:04,380 --> 00:20:06,930
up, so that he can keep
track of what is actually

419
00:20:06,930 --> 00:20:08,760
recent and relevant.

420
00:20:14,440 --> 00:20:16,082
DURK: As far as our
success metrics go,

421
00:20:16,082 --> 00:20:18,540
we had three main criteria we
were looking at, one of which

422
00:20:18,540 --> 00:20:20,289
is the number of clicks
it takes to access

423
00:20:20,289 --> 00:20:24,100
the information, second of
which is how long it actually

424
00:20:24,100 --> 00:20:27,080
takes to get the information
Chris is interested in.

425
00:20:27,080 --> 00:20:29,620
And finally, the amount
of certainty that he is

426
00:20:29,620 --> 00:20:32,260
left with after
using the application

427
00:20:32,260 --> 00:20:34,420
to get all of the information.

428
00:20:34,420 --> 00:20:38,680
To address this, we tried to
design that all into our app.

429
00:20:38,680 --> 00:20:41,330
So I can give a quick
demonstration right now.

430
00:20:41,330 --> 00:20:48,040
So we created it-- let's see.

431
00:20:48,040 --> 00:20:56,024
So our app ended up-- sorry
about that-- Sorry, just

432
00:20:56,024 --> 00:20:57,440
a second here, and
I'll pull it up

433
00:20:57,440 --> 00:20:59,620
to show you exactly what we did.

434
00:20:59,620 --> 00:21:01,660
It is a-- there we go.

435
00:21:07,960 --> 00:21:08,870
Sorry about that.

436
00:21:08,870 --> 00:21:10,730
So we have two different
methods in which

437
00:21:10,730 --> 00:21:13,070
we went about
presenting information

438
00:21:13,070 --> 00:21:14,360
that Chris is interested in.

439
00:21:14,360 --> 00:21:19,517
The first of which is we have
various flags that call out

440
00:21:19,517 --> 00:21:20,600
for different information.

441
00:21:20,600 --> 00:21:22,860
So, for example,
accessible entrances--

442
00:21:22,860 --> 00:21:25,660
you can click on the
flag, and it tells you

443
00:21:25,660 --> 00:21:28,490
that, say, this is the only
accessible door to Stokes Hall,

444
00:21:28,490 --> 00:21:33,400
and that specific information
about that location

445
00:21:33,400 --> 00:21:35,530
as it's overlaid on the
Google Maps-- you can see

446
00:21:35,530 --> 00:21:37,290
what it actually looks like.

447
00:21:37,290 --> 00:21:41,050
We also have things like alerts
at various other locations

448
00:21:41,050 --> 00:21:45,450
that can call attention to other
types of information that might

449
00:21:45,450 --> 00:21:49,860
not be seen in other manners.

450
00:21:49,860 --> 00:21:53,340
Finally, on buildings, you can
click on the building itself

451
00:21:53,340 --> 00:21:58,930
and view the information about
the building and its floor

452
00:21:58,930 --> 00:21:59,770
plans.

453
00:21:59,770 --> 00:22:01,440
So you can click on
an individual floor,

454
00:22:01,440 --> 00:22:04,750
and see the floor plan,
and pieces of information

455
00:22:04,750 --> 00:22:06,180
about the floor
such as locations

456
00:22:06,180 --> 00:22:08,530
of accessible
bathrooms, or where

457
00:22:08,530 --> 00:22:10,950
the elevators are located.

458
00:22:10,950 --> 00:22:16,300
Now Chris stated that as
far as our metrics go,

459
00:22:16,300 --> 00:22:20,720
we succeeded on the metric
of the number of clicks

460
00:22:20,720 --> 00:22:25,290
as it takes less than
three to get to the desired

461
00:22:25,290 --> 00:22:30,270
information about the buildings,
and as far as the actual time

462
00:22:30,270 --> 00:22:33,460
that it takes to
accomplish it, Chris

463
00:22:33,460 --> 00:22:36,390
said using previous methods,
he would take up to 20 minutes

464
00:22:36,390 --> 00:22:39,390
to figure out a route
from building to building,

465
00:22:39,390 --> 00:22:42,140
and with our app he
believes he can do it

466
00:22:42,140 --> 00:22:43,940
in five to 10 minutes.

467
00:22:43,940 --> 00:22:46,850
So a 50% to 75%
reduction there, which

468
00:22:46,850 --> 00:22:48,750
we were pretty happy about.

469
00:22:48,750 --> 00:22:52,950
And then he found it
very easy to utilize,

470
00:22:52,950 --> 00:22:55,380
and it was able to find the
relevant information very

471
00:22:55,380 --> 00:22:58,310
quickly.

472
00:22:58,310 --> 00:23:00,830
He gave us a couple
more pieces of feedback,

473
00:23:00,830 --> 00:23:03,360
which we are going to
continue to incorporate in,

474
00:23:03,360 --> 00:23:08,620
such as adding the
labels onto the buildings

475
00:23:08,620 --> 00:23:11,400
to say what their names are,
and some images actually

476
00:23:11,400 --> 00:23:14,880
into the flags and the alerts to
show more specific information.

477
00:23:22,707 --> 00:23:24,290
AARTI: So a few of
the lessons that we

478
00:23:24,290 --> 00:23:26,915
learned throughout the semester
while working on this project--

479
00:23:26,915 --> 00:23:31,860
so specifically for Chris--
for his specific problem,

480
00:23:31,860 --> 00:23:34,920
we learned that things that
are labeled as accessible

481
00:23:34,920 --> 00:23:37,450
don't necessarily mean
they're accessible to him.

482
00:23:37,450 --> 00:23:39,305
So, in general,
what he wanted us

483
00:23:39,305 --> 00:23:42,040
to do for the semester was
gather the specific facts

484
00:23:42,040 --> 00:23:45,930
that he can use and figure out
for himself if the facility is

485
00:23:45,930 --> 00:23:47,705
accessible for him,
because he didn't want

486
00:23:47,705 --> 00:23:49,080
to trust other
people's opinions,

487
00:23:49,080 --> 00:23:52,960
because it's not necessarily
true for him specifically.

488
00:23:52,960 --> 00:23:56,080
And so other lessons we
learned, which were overall

489
00:23:56,080 --> 00:23:59,110
assistive technology-specific
or just design-specific

490
00:23:59,110 --> 00:24:02,060
where that you really need to
get to your client really well.

491
00:24:02,060 --> 00:24:04,400
So you have to get
to know their needs,

492
00:24:04,400 --> 00:24:07,550
their specific wants, and
don't go in with assumptions.

493
00:24:07,550 --> 00:24:09,670
So we went in with
a few, but they

494
00:24:09,670 --> 00:24:13,140
were knocked down once we just
had conversations with him.

495
00:24:13,140 --> 00:24:16,610
And also, in general, universal
design is really difficult,

496
00:24:16,610 --> 00:24:18,950
and you happen to think
really hard about it.

497
00:24:18,950 --> 00:24:22,350
So the product that we
made is specific for Chris,

498
00:24:22,350 --> 00:24:24,399
but if we want to make
it accessible to people

499
00:24:24,399 --> 00:24:25,940
with different types
of disabilities,

500
00:24:25,940 --> 00:24:30,170
there's a lot more work
that we have to put into it.

501
00:24:30,170 --> 00:24:32,720
Overall engineering
lessons that we learned

502
00:24:32,720 --> 00:24:36,170
were one, to continue to use
the iterative design process.

503
00:24:36,170 --> 00:24:39,380
And, for our team specifically,
a huge lesson we learned

504
00:24:39,380 --> 00:24:41,446
was throughout the
semester we separated tasks

505
00:24:41,446 --> 00:24:42,820
and we were very
modular with it.

506
00:24:42,820 --> 00:24:45,327
So we separated front-end
from back-end entirely.

507
00:24:45,327 --> 00:24:47,660
But when we wanted to put
them together a few weeks ago,

508
00:24:47,660 --> 00:24:49,550
it became really difficult,
because the front-end people

509
00:24:49,550 --> 00:24:50,710
didn't know what was
happening in back-end,

510
00:24:50,710 --> 00:24:52,040
back-end didn't know front-end.

511
00:24:52,040 --> 00:24:54,050
And so we learned that
we have to continue

512
00:24:54,050 --> 00:24:56,020
throughout the semester
to at least update

513
00:24:56,020 --> 00:24:57,686
each other on what's
going on so that we

514
00:24:57,686 --> 00:25:01,377
know in general what's happening
in the whole scope of things.

515
00:25:01,377 --> 00:25:03,210
And so that's what we
learned this semester.

516
00:25:03,210 --> 00:25:03,780
Thank you.

517
00:25:03,780 --> 00:25:04,363
Any questions?

518
00:25:04,363 --> 00:25:05,761
[APPLAUSE]

519
00:25:05,761 --> 00:25:08,568
PROFESSOR: Thanks very much.

520
00:25:08,568 --> 00:25:11,196
We can go to the panelists.

521
00:25:11,196 --> 00:25:12,900
ROB MILLER: You said
that Chris thought

522
00:25:12,900 --> 00:25:15,810
that he would be able to
[INAUDIBLE] four times as

523
00:25:15,810 --> 00:25:17,750
[INAUDIBLE].

524
00:25:17,750 --> 00:25:20,660
Did you actually [INAUDIBLE]
anything on that?

525
00:25:20,660 --> 00:25:24,060
Did you [INAUDIBLE]?

526
00:25:24,060 --> 00:25:27,360
DURK: Yeah, so
the reason that we

527
00:25:27,360 --> 00:25:30,290
said that is that we did model
it after the Boston College

528
00:25:30,290 --> 00:25:33,620
campus, which he is
already familiar with.

529
00:25:33,620 --> 00:25:39,050
So he did actually go through
the process of looking up

530
00:25:39,050 --> 00:25:43,412
the information,
but I mean-- so he

531
00:25:43,412 --> 00:25:45,120
thought that he could
do it in that time,

532
00:25:45,120 --> 00:25:47,240
because that's what it
took him to look it up.

533
00:25:47,240 --> 00:25:48,990
Even though he's already
familiar with it,

534
00:25:48,990 --> 00:25:50,630
it's not really an
unfamiliar place.

535
00:25:50,630 --> 00:25:53,140
We chose to focus
on Boston College

536
00:25:53,140 --> 00:26:00,310
because it was more directly--
we had the information,

537
00:26:00,310 --> 00:26:03,990
and we could get a
better idea of what

538
00:26:03,990 --> 00:26:07,470
it was he wanted, because
he had sort of seen all

539
00:26:07,470 --> 00:26:12,219
of the bad parts and knew
what information he wished he

540
00:26:12,219 --> 00:26:13,510
would have known at that point.

541
00:26:16,574 --> 00:26:17,740
PROFESSOR: Julie, questions?

542
00:26:17,740 --> 00:26:19,620
OK.

543
00:26:19,620 --> 00:26:23,550
I have a question just on
the data side of things.

544
00:26:23,550 --> 00:26:25,460
The data that you use
to populate your map--

545
00:26:25,460 --> 00:26:27,330
did you hand-collect
that, and are there

546
00:26:27,330 --> 00:26:28,860
certain sources
of data that might

547
00:26:28,860 --> 00:26:32,430
be useful for the rest of
campus or for other sort

548
00:26:32,430 --> 00:26:34,690
of structured data
sets that might

549
00:26:34,690 --> 00:26:37,540
be useful for a
project like yours?

550
00:26:37,540 --> 00:26:41,160
DURK: So the right now,
we put in all of the data

551
00:26:41,160 --> 00:26:41,930
that we're using.

552
00:26:41,930 --> 00:26:43,950
But one thing I
didn't actually show

553
00:26:43,950 --> 00:26:47,570
is that users can input new
information into the app.

554
00:26:47,570 --> 00:26:50,660
So they're able to add
new flags very easily

555
00:26:50,660 --> 00:26:52,830
as well as new buildings,
new floors onto buildings,

556
00:26:52,830 --> 00:26:54,560
and update that
with information.

557
00:26:54,560 --> 00:26:57,660
So right now it is fully
dependent upon users

558
00:26:57,660 --> 00:26:59,480
to input the
information, but any user

559
00:26:59,480 --> 00:27:03,136
can put that information
into the database.

560
00:27:03,136 --> 00:27:04,760
PROFESSOR: Other
questions from mentors

561
00:27:04,760 --> 00:27:07,126
or from students in the class?

562
00:27:07,126 --> 00:27:07,626
Anyone?

563
00:27:10,740 --> 00:27:11,240
OK.

564
00:27:11,240 --> 00:27:14,870
I think your team has really
done some interesting work,

565
00:27:14,870 --> 00:27:17,985
some very good work on this
campus accessibility question

566
00:27:17,985 --> 00:27:20,283
or this environmental
accessibility question.

567
00:27:20,283 --> 00:27:21,110
So well done.

568
00:27:21,110 --> 00:27:21,610
Great.

569
00:27:21,610 --> 00:27:22,151
Thanks a lot.

570
00:27:28,881 --> 00:27:29,880
[? IAN: Hi, ?] everyone.

571
00:27:29,880 --> 00:27:31,880
My name is [? Ian, ?]
and this is Christina,

572
00:27:31,880 --> 00:27:33,920
and our third member
Jane is not here today.

573
00:27:33,920 --> 00:27:36,400
But our team is Team
Don, and we created

574
00:27:36,400 --> 00:27:38,580
an app called Your
Friendly Reminder.

575
00:27:38,580 --> 00:27:41,900
Your Friendly Reminder
is a reminder system

576
00:27:41,900 --> 00:27:45,530
that will send daily
emails to our client Don,

577
00:27:45,530 --> 00:27:48,590
and allow him to see his
list of calendar events

578
00:27:48,590 --> 00:27:51,170
in the early afternoon
where he typically tends

579
00:27:51,170 --> 00:27:54,710
to have a cognitive deficit.

580
00:27:54,710 --> 00:27:57,390
So first we'll go through
the background of our client

581
00:27:57,390 --> 00:28:00,790
and then you in a little bit
about our design process,

582
00:28:00,790 --> 00:28:03,130
and how we kind of
came to this design,

583
00:28:03,130 --> 00:28:05,240
and then we'll go through
our final prototype

584
00:28:05,240 --> 00:28:07,665
and along with our testing
and our reflections.

585
00:28:11,740 --> 00:28:14,320
CHRISTINA: So a little bit
of background about Don--

586
00:28:14,320 --> 00:28:18,610
he lives independently, but
he's actually very active,

587
00:28:18,610 --> 00:28:21,740
and he's an advocate for
people with disabilities,

588
00:28:21,740 --> 00:28:25,340
so he goes out to meetings
all the time to speak at them.

589
00:28:25,340 --> 00:28:30,520
And during his childhood
he contracted Polio,

590
00:28:30,520 --> 00:28:32,070
which affected his left leg.

591
00:28:32,070 --> 00:28:34,400
And back in 2002,
he had a stroke,

592
00:28:34,400 --> 00:28:37,880
and this limited the use of
the left side of his body.

593
00:28:37,880 --> 00:28:43,010
And as a result, he has
cognitive difficulties,

594
00:28:43,010 --> 00:28:45,550
which is what we focused
on for our project

595
00:28:45,550 --> 00:28:47,240
during the semester.

596
00:28:47,240 --> 00:28:50,150
So about his cognitive
difficulties--

597
00:28:50,150 --> 00:28:54,160
around 2:00 PM every
day, on a typical day,

598
00:28:54,160 --> 00:29:00,210
he would start to have trouble
processing his thoughts,

599
00:29:00,210 --> 00:29:08,060
and it affects how he can
communicate with people.

600
00:29:08,060 --> 00:29:12,380
So one of the things that
we wanted to focus on

601
00:29:12,380 --> 00:29:15,220
was, since he's a
very busy person,

602
00:29:15,220 --> 00:29:19,760
was to help him remind be
reminded of and encouraged

603
00:29:19,760 --> 00:29:22,060
to complete his tasks
that he has scheduled

604
00:29:22,060 --> 00:29:23,930
throughout the day
and also to ensure

605
00:29:23,930 --> 00:29:27,010
that he acknowledges the
reminders rather than ignoring

606
00:29:27,010 --> 00:29:27,510
them.

607
00:29:30,840 --> 00:29:32,380
So some of us is
the technologies

608
00:29:32,380 --> 00:29:37,410
that he currently uses-- he
uses a leg brace to make sure

609
00:29:37,410 --> 00:29:39,850
that he doesn't
hyper-extend his knee.

610
00:29:39,850 --> 00:29:43,310
He also uses a cane
to help him walk.

611
00:29:43,310 --> 00:29:45,540
He has Velcro on
his shoes, but one

612
00:29:45,540 --> 00:29:49,200
of the most important pieces
of technology that he relies on

613
00:29:49,200 --> 00:29:50,560
is his iPhone.

614
00:29:50,560 --> 00:29:53,450
And so he pretty much
stores everything

615
00:29:53,450 --> 00:29:55,570
on his iPhone,
everything about his day,

616
00:29:55,570 --> 00:29:57,030
and he keeps notes
on his iPhone.

617
00:29:57,030 --> 00:30:02,560
And currently, he enters all
of the events for his day

618
00:30:02,560 --> 00:30:07,150
into his Yahoo calendar which
then is imported into his iCal,

619
00:30:07,150 --> 00:30:09,590
and then he accesses
his events from there.

620
00:30:09,590 --> 00:30:14,560
And from then, he gets reminders
about when his events are

621
00:30:14,560 --> 00:30:15,920
and what they are.

622
00:30:19,070 --> 00:30:22,680
So from this, we wanted to
create a reminder system that

623
00:30:22,680 --> 00:30:25,910
would not only remind him of
his upcoming tasks for the day,

624
00:30:25,910 --> 00:30:29,470
but also encourage him to stay
focused while he's experiencing

625
00:30:29,470 --> 00:30:30,300
cognitive overload.

626
00:30:34,060 --> 00:30:38,690
And the goals of our project
was to make the reminders more

627
00:30:38,690 --> 00:30:40,860
gentle and humane so that
he would be encouraged

628
00:30:40,860 --> 00:30:42,400
to actually look at them.

629
00:30:42,400 --> 00:30:44,240
And reminders that
would help him

630
00:30:44,240 --> 00:30:49,810
internalize what
the upcoming tasks

631
00:30:49,810 --> 00:30:53,840
are rather than just dismissing
them, as he does now.

632
00:30:53,840 --> 00:30:56,287
And we also wanted to make
sure that his calendar could

633
00:30:56,287 --> 00:30:57,870
be backed up, because
that's something

634
00:30:57,870 --> 00:30:59,370
that is very important to him.

635
00:31:02,020 --> 00:31:06,420
So for our first
prototype, we actually

636
00:31:06,420 --> 00:31:09,140
thought of making an app and.

637
00:31:09,140 --> 00:31:11,600
So we had and test
out a paper prototype

638
00:31:11,600 --> 00:31:14,350
of this app where he
could enter in his events,

639
00:31:14,350 --> 00:31:16,760
and it would create
a reminder for him.

640
00:31:16,760 --> 00:31:19,980
And we were thinking
about ways to make

641
00:31:19,980 --> 00:31:26,330
this more of an interaction
where it would--

642
00:31:26,330 --> 00:31:27,921
rather than stressing
him out with,

643
00:31:27,921 --> 00:31:30,170
oh, you have all these events
for the rest of the day;

644
00:31:30,170 --> 00:31:32,050
it would help him to
calm down and focus.

645
00:31:34,520 --> 00:31:37,020
[? IAN: And ?] so one thing we
figured out about this design

646
00:31:37,020 --> 00:31:39,820
is that we're basically just
creating a new application that

647
00:31:39,820 --> 00:31:42,050
already does what iCal does.

648
00:31:42,050 --> 00:31:43,710
And so we went to
our second design,

649
00:31:43,710 --> 00:31:49,180
where we used Google scripts to
import his events from Google

650
00:31:49,180 --> 00:31:51,310
Calendar and use
that information

651
00:31:51,310 --> 00:31:54,680
to be able to reformat it and
send him an email that will

652
00:31:54,680 --> 00:31:56,600
show him his list of events.

653
00:31:56,600 --> 00:31:58,780
So you can see here in
our second iteration

654
00:31:58,780 --> 00:32:01,440
that we were able to
grab his calendar events,

655
00:32:01,440 --> 00:32:03,720
but it's just in a list form.

656
00:32:03,720 --> 00:32:07,110
So he is PPAT, AAPT,
REMINDER, et cetera.

657
00:32:07,110 --> 00:32:12,815
And these calender events would
be listed in a single list,

658
00:32:12,815 --> 00:32:15,720
so that Don could simply look
at this email in the afternoon

659
00:32:15,720 --> 00:32:18,520
and be like, OK, I
have all these events,

660
00:32:18,520 --> 00:32:20,070
and this is just
one more thing that

661
00:32:20,070 --> 00:32:23,000
will help me make sure
I complete everything

662
00:32:23,000 --> 00:32:26,390
successfully and attend all
of the events that I need to.

663
00:32:26,390 --> 00:32:28,120
And so we move from
this to our third,

664
00:32:28,120 --> 00:32:31,710
iteration where we were
able to focus on what it

665
00:32:31,710 --> 00:32:33,120
would look like in his phone.

666
00:32:33,120 --> 00:32:35,770
And so we wanted our reminders
to be more gentle and more

667
00:32:35,770 --> 00:32:40,330
humane, rather than a little
pop-up from Apple or Siri

668
00:32:40,330 --> 00:32:43,880
saying, reminder, you have
x event-- snooze, or OK,

669
00:32:43,880 --> 00:32:44,950
or dismiss.

670
00:32:44,950 --> 00:32:47,380
And so with this
Google script, we

671
00:32:47,380 --> 00:32:52,800
were able to send him a
cute little email that

672
00:32:52,800 --> 00:32:56,070
not only would that not
only had an image of a cute

673
00:32:56,070 --> 00:33:00,090
puppy, or a kitten, or something
like that, but also had colors,

674
00:33:00,090 --> 00:33:01,450
and it was personalized.

675
00:33:01,450 --> 00:33:03,120
And we found out
later that Don really

676
00:33:03,120 --> 00:33:05,700
like the idea of having
a personalized email

677
00:33:05,700 --> 00:33:06,880
just for him.

678
00:33:06,880 --> 00:33:09,850
And so this email-- we called
it your friendly reminder,

679
00:33:09,850 --> 00:33:14,760
and we were able to use
all of the information

680
00:33:14,760 --> 00:33:18,060
that he already has, but
be able to use it in a way

681
00:33:18,060 --> 00:33:21,890
to where he looks at
it and he feels good.

682
00:33:21,890 --> 00:33:24,180
And so one of the
problems that we ran into

683
00:33:24,180 --> 00:33:27,590
is that we really wanted
a response system.

684
00:33:27,590 --> 00:33:29,510
And so we wanted
to send an email.

685
00:33:29,510 --> 00:33:31,890
We wanted him to be able
to look at this email.

686
00:33:31,890 --> 00:33:36,857
But how are we going to check
to see if we could do that.

687
00:33:36,857 --> 00:33:38,690
We didn't really want
to hack into his email

688
00:33:38,690 --> 00:33:41,140
and check what time he read
it, and so the way that we

689
00:33:41,140 --> 00:33:44,180
decided to implement this was
to have a response system.

690
00:33:44,180 --> 00:33:46,960
So he would simply
respond muffins

691
00:33:46,960 --> 00:33:48,670
or whatever keyword we had.

692
00:33:48,670 --> 00:33:52,200
And so you can see right
here, there's a little text,

693
00:33:52,200 --> 00:33:54,310
and it'll be bigger in a second.

694
00:33:54,310 --> 00:33:57,830
To stop these reminders, reply
to this email with the word

695
00:33:57,830 --> 00:33:58,620
muffins.

696
00:33:58,620 --> 00:34:01,790
And so he would reply to this
email with the word muffins,

697
00:34:01,790 --> 00:34:04,910
and then we would send him
another follow-up email saying,

698
00:34:04,910 --> 00:34:05,850
thanks for your reply.

699
00:34:05,850 --> 00:34:07,000
We got your message.

700
00:34:07,000 --> 00:34:08,830
And so one thing
we found is that he

701
00:34:08,830 --> 00:34:12,880
didn't like the continuous
spamming of the emails, which

702
00:34:12,880 --> 00:34:15,670
I'm sure we can all relate to.

703
00:34:15,670 --> 00:34:19,030
And so we worked through
that, which I'll tell you

704
00:34:19,030 --> 00:34:20,830
a little bit about in a second.

705
00:34:20,830 --> 00:34:23,530
And so our final
prototype removes

706
00:34:23,530 --> 00:34:24,760
these constant reminders.

707
00:34:24,760 --> 00:34:26,850
And so there's
just one email that

708
00:34:26,850 --> 00:34:29,850
will send to him within an
hour if he hasn't responded.

709
00:34:29,850 --> 00:34:32,500
And then we want to still
be able to have this reply

710
00:34:32,500 --> 00:34:35,409
mechanism so that we
can still make sure

711
00:34:35,409 --> 00:34:37,840
that he reads the email,
because as annoying as it

712
00:34:37,840 --> 00:34:40,650
is to keep on
receiving emails, we

713
00:34:40,650 --> 00:34:44,870
want him to look at this email,
and we want it to be effective.

714
00:34:44,870 --> 00:34:48,159
So here's an example of what
a sequence would look like.

715
00:34:48,159 --> 00:34:50,380
So you'd send him an email
in the early afternoon.

716
00:34:50,380 --> 00:34:53,139
So this one was sent
around to 2:26 PM.

717
00:34:53,139 --> 00:34:55,070
And so you can see
his events for today.

718
00:34:55,070 --> 00:34:57,460
And we changed the
keyword to brownie.

719
00:34:57,460 --> 00:34:59,930
And then there's another
cute kitty picture,

720
00:34:59,930 --> 00:35:02,920
and so we-- in our back-end
we have a rotation of these.

721
00:35:02,920 --> 00:35:05,540
And so you can see that
Don checks his email quite

722
00:35:05,540 --> 00:35:08,490
frequently, and he
responded within one minute,

723
00:35:08,490 --> 00:35:10,120
responding the word brownie.

724
00:35:10,120 --> 00:35:13,420
And so we, in response, sent
him one last email saying,

725
00:35:13,420 --> 00:35:14,510
got your message.

726
00:35:14,510 --> 00:35:16,590
Thanks for replying
and have a great day.

727
00:35:16,590 --> 00:35:19,820
And so this is what our
final prototype looks like.

728
00:35:19,820 --> 00:35:22,020
And so we tested it
on him-- like I said,

729
00:35:22,020 --> 00:35:24,770
we first tested it
with trying to find

730
00:35:24,770 --> 00:35:27,370
a balance between sending
him too many emails

731
00:35:27,370 --> 00:35:29,430
but ensuring that
he checks our email

732
00:35:29,430 --> 00:35:32,110
and doesn't dismiss it
like his other reminders.

733
00:35:32,110 --> 00:35:34,160
And so he found them
to be kind of annoying.

734
00:35:34,160 --> 00:35:38,040
He I might have even said,
"I find it harassing"."

735
00:35:38,040 --> 00:35:41,430
So we tried to limit that to
two emails, because we still

736
00:35:41,430 --> 00:35:44,610
wanted to see what was
the threshold of emails

737
00:35:44,610 --> 00:35:47,980
we could send before he really
got so annoyed at us that he

738
00:35:47,980 --> 00:35:51,360
would chuck his
phone at the door.

739
00:35:51,360 --> 00:35:54,100
And so he still
found them annoying,

740
00:35:54,100 --> 00:35:56,650
but then we tried testing them
with zero follow-up emails,

741
00:35:56,650 --> 00:35:59,960
and we found that he still liked
the idea of having to respond

742
00:35:59,960 --> 00:36:03,950
and having someone A.K.A Your
Friendly Reminder follow up

743
00:36:03,950 --> 00:36:07,260
on him within an hour to
make sure that he checked.

744
00:36:07,260 --> 00:36:10,790
And so, in
conclusion, we've also

745
00:36:10,790 --> 00:36:14,030
learned that it's challenging
to evaluate a system like this.

746
00:36:14,030 --> 00:36:16,630
How do we each how do we
use our success metrics?

747
00:36:16,630 --> 00:36:19,310
And how do we use data
points such as the time

748
00:36:19,310 --> 00:36:22,130
we send emails, the time
he responds to emails,

749
00:36:22,130 --> 00:36:25,000
and how do we make sure
that this product is

750
00:36:25,000 --> 00:36:26,230
effective for him?

751
00:36:26,230 --> 00:36:28,794
And so we found that that
was really difficult to do,

752
00:36:28,794 --> 00:36:30,460
but I think we were
able to, because one

753
00:36:30,460 --> 00:36:33,700
of the things he said was "It's
one more step that leads me

754
00:36:33,700 --> 00:36:34,550
to the end."

755
00:36:34,550 --> 00:36:38,970
It might be one more
thing that will ultimately

756
00:36:38,970 --> 00:36:40,480
lead me to the end
of the day where

757
00:36:40,480 --> 00:36:43,050
I've completed all my tasks,
even though I do have it

758
00:36:43,050 --> 00:36:43,800
in my calendar.

759
00:36:43,800 --> 00:36:47,720
I can look at it myself,
but one more email helps me.

760
00:36:47,720 --> 00:36:51,360
And so a little aside--
after the 10th time,

761
00:36:51,360 --> 00:36:52,490
the puppy gets old.

762
00:36:52,490 --> 00:36:56,140
So we start switching the
pictures to different kittens,

763
00:36:56,140 --> 00:36:59,340
and frogs, and little puppies.

764
00:36:59,340 --> 00:37:02,510
So our final prototype
was something

765
00:37:02,510 --> 00:37:04,770
that we believe will
really help him,

766
00:37:04,770 --> 00:37:07,090
and that we believe
will really allow

767
00:37:07,090 --> 00:37:11,660
him to have more gentle humane
reminders that will ultimately

768
00:37:11,660 --> 00:37:15,280
help him with his cognitive
deficit in the early afternoon.

769
00:37:18,470 --> 00:37:21,070
And the next steps were
looking for a work-around.

770
00:37:24,330 --> 00:37:25,840
And we've already
talked about this,

771
00:37:25,840 --> 00:37:28,498
so I will ask for questions.

772
00:37:28,498 --> 00:37:28,998
Thank you.

773
00:37:28,998 --> 00:37:31,438
[APPLAUSE]

774
00:37:32,908 --> 00:37:34,408
PROFESSOR: Questions
from the panel?

775
00:37:34,408 --> 00:37:36,186
Julie, Rob?

776
00:37:36,186 --> 00:37:37,894
JULIE GREENBERG: So
I think you're right.

777
00:37:37,894 --> 00:37:40,882
It is challenging to
evaluate a system like this.

778
00:37:40,882 --> 00:37:43,405
But if you had a lot more
time and resources, what would

779
00:37:43,405 --> 00:37:45,250
a more rigorous
evaluation look like?

780
00:37:45,250 --> 00:37:48,300
So currently, we have a
Google doc in the back-end

781
00:37:48,300 --> 00:37:52,090
where all of the
data that we have,

782
00:37:52,090 --> 00:37:54,000
including what time the
emails are sent out,

783
00:37:54,000 --> 00:37:57,080
what time he responds to them,
and what time our system is

784
00:37:57,080 --> 00:37:59,970
responding to him-- we
have a few data points.

785
00:37:59,970 --> 00:38:01,650
But it's only about
three days worth

786
00:38:01,650 --> 00:38:03,710
since we've implemented
this Google Doc,

787
00:38:03,710 --> 00:38:06,930
but we've been testing this
for probably about a week

788
00:38:06,930 --> 00:38:07,930
and a half to two weeks.

789
00:38:07,930 --> 00:38:09,670
And each, probably,
couple of days,

790
00:38:09,670 --> 00:38:11,800
we'll get some
sort of reminder--

791
00:38:11,800 --> 00:38:19,050
we'll get improvements
that we will implement.

792
00:38:19,050 --> 00:38:20,950
Does that answer your question.

793
00:38:20,950 --> 00:38:24,890
For example, the sending him
two follow-up emails rather than

794
00:38:24,890 --> 00:38:25,390
four.

795
00:38:28,451 --> 00:38:30,659
ROB MILLER: Do you know if
this is having any effect?

796
00:38:30,659 --> 00:38:35,444
But I love the way you
expressed one of your goals

797
00:38:35,444 --> 00:38:38,860
as getting him to
internalize the [INAUDIBLE],

798
00:38:38,860 --> 00:38:42,764
not just look at
it and dismiss it.

799
00:38:42,764 --> 00:38:47,615
Do you have any idea about
whether this is [INAUDIBLE]?

800
00:38:47,615 --> 00:38:48,490
[? IAN: We ?] do not.

801
00:38:48,490 --> 00:38:50,000
One of the things
we really want to

802
00:38:50,000 --> 00:38:54,340
was to find how many times
he comes back to this email.

803
00:38:54,340 --> 00:38:57,370
Because what we would like
for him to do is at 5:00 PM,

804
00:38:57,370 --> 00:38:59,120
be like, oh what do I
have going on today?

805
00:38:59,120 --> 00:39:02,530
Let me go back to this email
that Your Friendly Reminder has

806
00:39:02,530 --> 00:39:03,880
sent him.

807
00:39:03,880 --> 00:39:05,690
So no we do not have that data.

808
00:39:05,690 --> 00:39:10,550
The only thing we have is
just his personal feelings

809
00:39:10,550 --> 00:39:13,950
about it-- whether he
feels like it helps him.

810
00:39:13,950 --> 00:39:15,840
And he says that it
has, and so we're

811
00:39:15,840 --> 00:39:20,070
hoping that-- at this
point it's enough for us

812
00:39:20,070 --> 00:39:22,320
to feel like we've
done something.

813
00:39:24,918 --> 00:39:26,626
ROB MILLER: A follow-up
question actually

814
00:39:26,626 --> 00:39:27,751
also about internalization.

815
00:39:27,751 --> 00:39:30,700
So this keyword idea
for replying rather than

816
00:39:30,700 --> 00:39:36,310
just [INAUDIBLE] button
there, then [INAUDIBLE].

817
00:39:36,310 --> 00:39:39,790
Runs the script
and checks it off.

818
00:39:39,790 --> 00:39:41,808
But the keyword is
interesting, because it

819
00:39:41,808 --> 00:39:43,692
seems like there's a
possibility that you

820
00:39:43,692 --> 00:39:46,150
can help him
internalize it by making

821
00:39:46,150 --> 00:39:50,031
the keyword relevant to what
he's supposed to do, instead

822
00:39:50,031 --> 00:39:52,346
of just muffins, unless
he actually is supposed

823
00:39:52,346 --> 00:39:53,338
to bake some muffins.

824
00:39:53,338 --> 00:39:54,826
[LAUGHTER]

825
00:39:54,826 --> 00:39:57,753
But if he's supposed to do
something else, [INAUDIBLE].

826
00:39:57,753 --> 00:39:58,794
Did you think about that?

827
00:39:58,794 --> 00:40:00,440
Did you talk about that?

828
00:40:00,440 --> 00:40:02,030
GUEST SPEAKER: The keywords
are currently just randomized.

829
00:40:02,030 --> 00:40:03,488
We were thinking
of doing something

830
00:40:03,488 --> 00:40:05,779
along the lines of
reading through his events

831
00:40:05,779 --> 00:40:07,570
and then picking out
a word from that event

832
00:40:07,570 --> 00:40:10,940
and then making that the
keyword, and that's something

833
00:40:10,940 --> 00:40:14,300
we did debate, but we never
really implemented that,

834
00:40:14,300 --> 00:40:16,134
because we wanted to
add the other features,

835
00:40:16,134 --> 00:40:17,924
but that is something
that we have thought,

836
00:40:17,924 --> 00:40:19,925
and is a good idea, and
that we could implement.

837
00:40:24,247 --> 00:40:25,080
Any other questions?

838
00:40:28,475 --> 00:40:30,415
AUDIENCE: [INAUDIBLE]
have you thought

839
00:40:30,415 --> 00:40:32,355
of using this
application for persons

840
00:40:32,355 --> 00:40:36,235
with other types
of disabilities,

841
00:40:36,235 --> 00:40:40,450
such as psychiatric or
abnormal [INAUDIBLE]?

842
00:40:40,450 --> 00:40:42,950
GUEST SPEAKER: Well right now,
a lot of stuff is hard-coded,

843
00:40:42,950 --> 00:40:45,900
so we can't really extend
this of more than one user.

844
00:40:45,900 --> 00:40:49,310
And that is something that
we do want to try to expand,

845
00:40:49,310 --> 00:40:51,564
but apparently-- I tried
to look all over Google,

846
00:40:51,564 --> 00:40:53,730
and they don't save your
first name for some reason.

847
00:40:53,730 --> 00:40:55,380
So even your first
name is hard-coded,

848
00:40:55,380 --> 00:40:56,800
and that's something
that we would

849
00:40:56,800 --> 00:40:59,822
need to step away from in order
to expand this to other users.

850
00:40:59,822 --> 00:41:02,030
But that's something that
we would really like to do.

851
00:41:04,850 --> 00:41:07,270
AUDIENCE: I think cognitive
overload is something

852
00:41:07,270 --> 00:41:09,355
hard to empathize
with sometimes What

853
00:41:09,355 --> 00:41:13,650
were your experiences
trying to empathize with Don

854
00:41:13,650 --> 00:41:16,057
during this entire semester?

855
00:41:16,057 --> 00:41:18,140
GUEST SPEAKER: So I think
the biggest one that did

856
00:41:18,140 --> 00:41:20,690
affect us was trying to
get conversations steered

857
00:41:20,690 --> 00:41:24,304
n a direction-- it's
understandable that you have

858
00:41:24,304 --> 00:41:25,720
a lot of stuff
going in your mind,

859
00:41:25,720 --> 00:41:29,250
and just simply keeping a
conversation going on one way

860
00:41:29,250 --> 00:41:31,600
did prove to be a little bit
tougher than we expected,

861
00:41:31,600 --> 00:41:34,500
but that is part of
the cognitive overload,

862
00:41:34,500 --> 00:41:37,100
to have one goal in mind.

863
00:41:37,100 --> 00:41:41,030
And it was hard to empathize
with that at the beginning,

864
00:41:41,030 --> 00:41:44,330
but the more we did
interact with Don,

865
00:41:44,330 --> 00:41:45,960
we understood that
this is an issue,

866
00:41:45,960 --> 00:41:49,370
and it's not his or
our fault, and we

867
00:41:49,370 --> 00:41:50,900
understood that we
needed something

868
00:41:50,900 --> 00:41:52,380
to make this better for him.

869
00:41:55,310 --> 00:41:56,740
PROFESSOR: Maybe
related to that,

870
00:41:56,740 --> 00:41:58,940
can you talk a little bit
about the design process?

871
00:41:58,940 --> 00:42:00,380
does that mean
that sometimes you

872
00:42:00,380 --> 00:42:06,200
have to kind of push or nudge
ideas in a certain direction?

873
00:42:06,200 --> 00:42:12,400
How do you sort of navigate
this user input in this process?

874
00:42:12,400 --> 00:42:13,900
GUEST SPEAKER: So
just getting ideas

875
00:42:13,900 --> 00:42:16,959
at the beginning of the project
was a little bit tricky.

876
00:42:16,959 --> 00:42:18,500
Especially-- if you
guys didn't know,

877
00:42:18,500 --> 00:42:20,992
we actually started off with
a different project for most

878
00:42:20,992 --> 00:42:22,450
of the semester,
and then we decide

879
00:42:22,450 --> 00:42:28,320
to switch gears and go something
more software-oriented, and was

880
00:42:28,320 --> 00:42:30,960
definitely a tough
process to go through,

881
00:42:30,960 --> 00:42:33,432
but once we got something
going, it was a lot easier

882
00:42:33,432 --> 00:42:34,515
to streamline the process.

883
00:42:38,090 --> 00:42:38,890
PROFESSOR: OK.

884
00:42:38,890 --> 00:42:43,600
I know that your team has had
quite a ride this semester,

885
00:42:43,600 --> 00:42:47,250
but I think that has come up
with something very promising

886
00:42:47,250 --> 00:42:49,155
with some interesting results.

887
00:42:49,155 --> 00:42:50,080
So well done.

888
00:42:50,080 --> 00:42:50,580
Great.

889
00:42:50,580 --> 00:42:56,760
[APPLAUSE]

890
00:42:56,760 --> 00:42:59,539
GUEST SPEAKER: Hi guys,
we're team Jeffrey,

891
00:42:59,539 --> 00:43:01,580
and then we're here to
present our product, which

892
00:43:01,580 --> 00:43:03,070
is called touch 'n' sign.

893
00:43:03,070 --> 00:43:04,529
GUEST SPEAKER:
Which Jeffrey named.

894
00:43:04,529 --> 00:43:05,361
GUEST SPEAKER: Yeah.

895
00:43:05,361 --> 00:43:07,380
So let's give a
little overview first.

896
00:43:07,380 --> 00:43:08,790
So our client is Jeffrey.

897
00:43:08,790 --> 00:43:10,890
He's sitting right over there.

898
00:43:10,890 --> 00:43:14,220
So his disability
is that he's blind,

899
00:43:14,220 --> 00:43:15,770
and generally he
lives with himself,

900
00:43:15,770 --> 00:43:18,800
but sometimes he has a
seeing aide at his house,

901
00:43:18,800 --> 00:43:20,650
and he actually goes
out quite frequently.

902
00:43:20,650 --> 00:43:22,650
Like sometimes he goes
out to the neighborhoods,

903
00:43:22,650 --> 00:43:24,700
but every week or
so, he'll sometimes

904
00:43:24,700 --> 00:43:27,040
go out to further places
like to watch a movie

905
00:43:27,040 --> 00:43:29,730
or to catch an opera.

906
00:43:29,730 --> 00:43:31,895
And he's also a
pretty active member

907
00:43:31,895 --> 00:43:34,990
of a number of
community organizations.

908
00:43:34,990 --> 00:43:37,880
And, as such, he's in
charges of financial matters

909
00:43:37,880 --> 00:43:39,500
as well as other matters.

910
00:43:39,500 --> 00:43:40,980
And because of
this, he often needs

911
00:43:40,980 --> 00:43:44,059
to sign legal documents
or other important papers.

912
00:43:49,550 --> 00:43:54,140
So the goal of our assistive
technology for this semester

913
00:43:54,140 --> 00:43:57,690
is to have a way for him to sign
these legal documents that he

914
00:43:57,690 --> 00:44:02,190
needs to sign without the
help of his seeing aide.

915
00:44:02,190 --> 00:44:06,740
And so before, usually he just
has his seeing aide come over,

916
00:44:06,740 --> 00:44:09,240
and then he'll manually guide
Jeffrey's hand to the place he

917
00:44:09,240 --> 00:44:12,046
needs to sign, but sometimes he
can always be at his house. .

918
00:44:12,046 --> 00:44:13,670
So then we wanted to
come up with a way

919
00:44:13,670 --> 00:44:16,760
for him to be able to sign
his signature on the paper,

920
00:44:16,760 --> 00:44:18,510
even when his seeing
aide wasn't there.

921
00:44:18,510 --> 00:44:20,890
And sometimes, for
certain organizations,

922
00:44:20,890 --> 00:44:24,300
they actually need his actual,
written signature on the paper.

923
00:44:24,300 --> 00:44:26,986
So like sometimes we thought
about maybe just somehow

924
00:44:26,986 --> 00:44:29,360
printing it on there, or some
other way of electronically

925
00:44:29,360 --> 00:44:30,880
putting it on
there, but they need

926
00:44:30,880 --> 00:44:32,560
this thing called
a wet signature.

927
00:44:32,560 --> 00:44:36,070
So then this was not
always a possible solution.

928
00:44:36,070 --> 00:44:38,150
So what with Jeffrey
has already is

929
00:44:38,150 --> 00:44:40,540
he has a software
called JAWS, which

930
00:44:40,540 --> 00:44:42,530
is this really cool
software for blind people

931
00:44:42,530 --> 00:44:46,730
on the PC that essentially reads
out what's on the computer.

932
00:44:46,730 --> 00:44:48,510
And it's like pretty
intuitive, and it's

933
00:44:48,510 --> 00:44:50,540
a very detailed in
terms of the things

934
00:44:50,540 --> 00:44:51,860
that it can describe to you.

935
00:44:51,860 --> 00:44:55,960
He also has an OCR software, and
Optical Character Recognition

936
00:44:55,960 --> 00:44:57,780
software, or he has
someone that can

937
00:44:57,780 --> 00:45:00,840
do for him, in which he can
convert general documents

938
00:45:00,840 --> 00:45:03,870
into Word documents that
has the same characters

939
00:45:03,870 --> 00:45:05,530
in the same places.

940
00:45:05,530 --> 00:45:08,760
So what he needs
is in two steps.

941
00:45:08,760 --> 00:45:11,830
The first step is he needs some
way, given a Word document,

942
00:45:11,830 --> 00:45:14,640
to find where he needs to
sign on the Word document.

943
00:45:14,640 --> 00:45:17,120
So if you're given an
electronic Word document,

944
00:45:17,120 --> 00:45:19,300
he needs a way to know
on this document, where

945
00:45:19,300 --> 00:45:20,370
the signature is.

946
00:45:20,370 --> 00:45:22,340
And then after he
has that, he needs

947
00:45:22,340 --> 00:45:26,440
to-- from that information,
on the physical document

948
00:45:26,440 --> 00:45:29,810
he needs to be able to locate
that on the physical document.

949
00:45:29,810 --> 00:45:31,542
So then we broke it
up into two steps.

950
00:45:31,542 --> 00:45:33,500
And then the first step
is like a software step

951
00:45:33,500 --> 00:45:35,333
and then the second
step is a hardware step.

952
00:45:38,267 --> 00:45:40,600
GUEST SPEAKER: So basically
here is the software design.

953
00:45:40,600 --> 00:45:42,790
So the first design
we have activates

954
00:45:42,790 --> 00:45:45,110
through a macro toolbar
in the Microsoft Word.

955
00:45:45,110 --> 00:45:46,980
So you can see
that whenever which

956
00:45:46,980 --> 00:45:50,920
we find the signature file where
we first scan the documents,

957
00:45:50,920 --> 00:45:54,670
and then we locate-- so
JAWS will read underscore,

958
00:45:54,670 --> 00:45:56,130
underscore,
underscore, so we know

959
00:45:56,130 --> 00:45:57,530
that it's a signature field.

960
00:45:57,530 --> 00:45:59,240
So then we trigger
the macro we have.

961
00:45:59,240 --> 00:46:01,970
So it reads out the
horizontal position and also

962
00:46:01,970 --> 00:46:03,780
the vertical position,
basically giving

963
00:46:03,780 --> 00:46:08,400
Jeffrey x-y coordinates to work
on at the mechanical solution

964
00:46:08,400 --> 00:46:09,340
part.

965
00:46:09,340 --> 00:46:12,000
And it also tells him
which pages it is on.

966
00:46:14,650 --> 00:46:16,630
And also, for the
final design, we

967
00:46:16,630 --> 00:46:19,490
basically simplified this thing
that Jeffrey needs to remember

968
00:46:19,490 --> 00:46:21,580
and also the action
that he has to do.

969
00:46:21,580 --> 00:46:25,490
So we activate the
macro through hot keys,

970
00:46:25,490 --> 00:46:27,750
and also we have more
intuitive wording,

971
00:46:27,750 --> 00:46:29,970
and also we rounded
the decimal place,

972
00:46:29,970 --> 00:46:32,915
because it doesn't have
to be too accurate.

973
00:46:36,400 --> 00:46:38,590
So the hardware
design iteration one.

974
00:46:38,590 --> 00:46:41,980
So the approach we have is
that we do fast prototyping.

975
00:46:41,980 --> 00:46:44,050
We have like
multiple iterations.

976
00:46:44,050 --> 00:46:47,860
So this is the very
first design we have.

977
00:46:47,860 --> 00:46:52,550
So the feature it had is
completely made by cardboard

978
00:46:52,550 --> 00:46:53,620
and also floss.

979
00:46:53,620 --> 00:46:55,427
And also along
the board, you can

980
00:46:55,427 --> 00:46:57,010
see that there are
dots along the edge

981
00:46:57,010 --> 00:46:58,550
to indicate the coordinates.

982
00:46:58,550 --> 00:47:02,440
So the x-y bar are tied on
the floss to slice through.

983
00:47:02,440 --> 00:47:05,570
So the feedback we got is
that it's not accurate enough

984
00:47:05,570 --> 00:47:08,570
like for Jeffrey to
read the numbers,

985
00:47:08,570 --> 00:47:10,920
and also it's hard it's
hard to put the paper on,

986
00:47:10,920 --> 00:47:13,450
because the x-y rails
are tied onto the board.

987
00:47:13,450 --> 00:47:15,790
And also Jeffrey has to count
the number of the bumps.

988
00:47:15,790 --> 00:47:21,970
So if he's interrupted, he
has to count again, which

989
00:47:21,970 --> 00:47:24,930
is not very convenient for him.

990
00:47:24,930 --> 00:47:27,450
And also the second design
is that we improved it

991
00:47:27,450 --> 00:47:30,600
by using a magnet bar, instead
of using the bump that we

992
00:47:30,600 --> 00:47:32,300
manually made by the cardboard.

993
00:47:32,300 --> 00:47:35,890
So it's easy to slide,
but then the guided bars

994
00:47:35,890 --> 00:47:37,370
are still too thin
to be accurately

995
00:47:37,370 --> 00:47:41,660
lined up so that you can be
very horizontal and vertical.

996
00:47:41,660 --> 00:47:44,150
And also the movement
on the magnetic stripe

997
00:47:44,150 --> 00:47:48,060
is not smooth enough, because
the cardboard is not even,

998
00:47:48,060 --> 00:47:50,315
and also it's hard to tell
if the rails were straight.

999
00:47:54,960 --> 00:47:56,840
GUEST SPEAKER: So this
is our third design.

1000
00:47:56,840 --> 00:47:59,970
So we took Jeffrey's advice, and
we made the board a lot bigger,

1001
00:47:59,970 --> 00:48:01,590
because he wanted
to have shoulders

1002
00:48:01,590 --> 00:48:07,469
so that if, for example,
if he needed to sign really

1003
00:48:07,469 --> 00:48:09,260
close to the edge of
the paper, we would be

1004
00:48:09,260 --> 00:48:10,780
able to move the rail to that.

1005
00:48:10,780 --> 00:48:12,927
So for the third
design, we wanted

1006
00:48:12,927 --> 00:48:14,010
to do something different.

1007
00:48:14,010 --> 00:48:18,070
We added the braille ruler
onto the horizontal guide bar

1008
00:48:18,070 --> 00:48:20,520
so that after he finds
the vertical position,

1009
00:48:20,520 --> 00:48:23,300
he can simply move his hand
along the Braille ruler

1010
00:48:23,300 --> 00:48:26,930
on the horizontal bar
in order to figure out

1011
00:48:26,930 --> 00:48:33,080
the x part, the
horizontal position of it.

1012
00:48:33,080 --> 00:48:36,832
But the feedback that we got
was that the thicker guide bars

1013
00:48:36,832 --> 00:48:38,290
made it a lot more
easy to line up,

1014
00:48:38,290 --> 00:48:40,380
because we had the
braille rulers on the side

1015
00:48:40,380 --> 00:48:44,045
so that if we had a three--
if the guide bars are

1016
00:48:44,045 --> 00:48:47,250
three inches wide, then
he could line it up

1017
00:48:47,250 --> 00:48:51,380
against the braille ruler
and have it be very straight.

1018
00:48:51,380 --> 00:48:53,290
And that was pretty accurate.

1019
00:48:53,290 --> 00:48:55,800
But the problem was that like
this design demanded too much

1020
00:48:55,800 --> 00:48:58,290
of the user, because if
you had to use one hand

1021
00:48:58,290 --> 00:49:02,130
to move down the bar, and then
you had to use the other hand

1022
00:49:02,130 --> 00:49:03,720
to move along the
horizontal position,

1023
00:49:03,720 --> 00:49:06,550
it was very hard to keep track
of the horizontal position

1024
00:49:06,550 --> 00:49:07,920
and sign at the same time.

1025
00:49:07,920 --> 00:49:10,730
So Jeffrey actually preferred
like the previous design

1026
00:49:10,730 --> 00:49:13,890
that we had over this one.

1027
00:49:13,890 --> 00:49:17,020
So we don't have a picture
here, but basically

1028
00:49:17,020 --> 00:49:20,630
what we did for
the third iteration

1029
00:49:20,630 --> 00:49:24,960
prime is we took stuff
from the third design,

1030
00:49:24,960 --> 00:49:26,760
but instead of just
having just one guide

1031
00:49:26,760 --> 00:49:28,890
bar with a horizontal
ruler attached to it,

1032
00:49:28,890 --> 00:49:33,860
we put the horizontal
braille ruler onto the board,

1033
00:49:33,860 --> 00:49:37,830
and then we added onto
it another guide bar,

1034
00:49:37,830 --> 00:49:40,190
so he would be able to
move two guide bars,

1035
00:49:40,190 --> 00:49:43,080
and not have to keep track of
the position with his hands.

1036
00:49:43,080 --> 00:49:47,260
And then we still used
the same base as before.

1037
00:49:47,260 --> 00:49:50,370
So the feedback that we got
was that again like the thicker

1038
00:49:50,370 --> 00:49:53,270
guide bars made it
a lot more accurate,

1039
00:49:53,270 --> 00:49:56,580
and then it was a lot more easy
to use than the previous one.

1040
00:49:59,570 --> 00:50:03,500
OK, so we actually found
online at this place

1041
00:50:03,500 --> 00:50:05,840
called MaxiAid, something
that does the same thing

1042
00:50:05,840 --> 00:50:07,210
that we were trying to do.

1043
00:50:07,210 --> 00:50:10,959
So we bought it, and we
tried to test it out.

1044
00:50:10,959 --> 00:50:13,250
So it's like a commercial
product built on a clipboard,

1045
00:50:13,250 --> 00:50:15,980
and it has a ruler
that goes down.

1046
00:50:15,980 --> 00:50:20,090
And then it has a thing that
clicks if you move it across,

1047
00:50:20,090 --> 00:50:21,950
so you can find
the x-y positions.

1048
00:50:21,950 --> 00:50:24,450
But the feedback was
that Jeffrey really

1049
00:50:24,450 --> 00:50:26,380
liked the idea of
holding stuff down

1050
00:50:26,380 --> 00:50:29,680
with the clipboard, because
it makes it really stable.

1051
00:50:29,680 --> 00:50:33,490
And he likes the
stability of it,

1052
00:50:33,490 --> 00:50:36,100
but the problem was
that it was just not

1053
00:50:36,100 --> 00:50:37,960
a very accurate
solution, because it

1054
00:50:37,960 --> 00:50:39,510
wobbled around a lot.

1055
00:50:39,510 --> 00:50:42,480
It could only click, and the
clicks were hard to count.

1056
00:50:42,480 --> 00:50:45,260
And there was no place on the
board for a Braille ruler,

1057
00:50:45,260 --> 00:50:49,590
so it was hard to
find the position.

1058
00:50:49,590 --> 00:50:52,380
So our final prototype--
we decided to kind of just

1059
00:50:52,380 --> 00:50:56,800
make a higher fidelity
version of the third design

1060
00:50:56,800 --> 00:51:01,510
that we had, and instead
of having tapered edges,

1061
00:51:01,510 --> 00:51:03,840
we decided to go with
just non-tapered edges,

1062
00:51:03,840 --> 00:51:06,185
because that would
make it easier.

1063
00:51:06,185 --> 00:51:08,810
Because we didn't really see the
point of having tapered edges,

1064
00:51:08,810 --> 00:51:10,810
and we made the
whole board magnetic

1065
00:51:10,810 --> 00:51:15,330
so that it'd be easier
for the rails to stick on,

1066
00:51:15,330 --> 00:51:17,540
and they wouldn't fall off.

1067
00:51:17,540 --> 00:51:22,677
And it's very similar
to the third design.

1068
00:51:22,677 --> 00:51:24,760
GUEST SPEAKER: We're going
to watch a video of him

1069
00:51:24,760 --> 00:51:25,732
using the software.

1070
00:51:35,664 --> 00:51:37,830
So right now he's trying
to find where the signature

1071
00:51:37,830 --> 00:51:42,111
bar is on the [INAUDIBLE].

1072
00:51:42,111 --> 00:51:44,083
JULIE GREENBERG: Oh,
is that JAWS talking?

1073
00:51:44,083 --> 00:51:44,576
GUEST SPEAKER: Yeah.

1074
00:51:44,576 --> 00:51:46,325
GUEST SPEAKER: This
is his computer, yeah.

1075
00:51:49,299 --> 00:51:50,340
GUEST SPEAKER: All right.

1076
00:51:50,340 --> 00:51:51,590
So I solved.

1077
00:52:02,722 --> 00:52:04,666
Wow, that's super.

1078
00:52:04,666 --> 00:52:07,100
[LAUGHTER]

1079
00:52:07,100 --> 00:52:09,500
PROFESSOR: Can you tale 30
seconds and wrap up please?

1080
00:52:09,500 --> 00:52:10,333
GUEST SPEAKER: Yeah.

1081
00:52:12,727 --> 00:52:16,210
This is him, and this
is what the result was.

1082
00:52:16,210 --> 00:52:19,122
And then we measured
a bunch of--

1083
00:52:19,122 --> 00:52:21,330
GUEST SPEAKER: We wanted to
know how accurate it was,

1084
00:52:21,330 --> 00:52:23,560
how fast it took him to use
the mechanical prototype,

1085
00:52:23,560 --> 00:52:25,770
and what he thought of
his overall satisfaction,

1086
00:52:25,770 --> 00:52:29,390
and these are kind of like
the summary of his results.

1087
00:52:29,390 --> 00:52:31,580
And then there are
a lot of things

1088
00:52:31,580 --> 00:52:33,230
that we learned through this.

1089
00:52:33,230 --> 00:52:34,540
GUEST SPEAKER: So basically
the first thing that we learned

1090
00:52:34,540 --> 00:52:36,980
was that there could
be a lot of challenges

1091
00:52:36,980 --> 00:52:41,110
that we didn't predict, and
also the fast prototyping

1092
00:52:41,110 --> 00:52:44,100
actually helps so that we
can make more iterations.

1093
00:52:44,100 --> 00:52:45,620
And the second is
that the details

1094
00:52:45,620 --> 00:52:48,577
are the most important part
while we are doing the design.

1095
00:52:48,577 --> 00:52:51,160
And the third is that we need
to take into account the burdens

1096
00:52:51,160 --> 00:52:53,640
that we have on our client.

1097
00:52:53,640 --> 00:52:57,550
And also the manual
testing is very important

1098
00:52:57,550 --> 00:52:59,460
to find the flaws and the bugs.

1099
00:52:59,460 --> 00:53:02,722
And the fifth thing is that
nothing can be really perfect.

1100
00:53:02,722 --> 00:53:03,930
We have to make a trade-offs.

1101
00:53:03,930 --> 00:53:06,690
So we have to choose
what we value more.

1102
00:53:06,690 --> 00:53:08,680
And the last thing
is that documentation

1103
00:53:08,680 --> 00:53:09,640
is really important.

1104
00:53:09,640 --> 00:53:15,040
It's easy to fall behind, so
it's really hard to make it up.

1105
00:53:15,040 --> 00:53:17,157
And that's a good ending.

1106
00:53:17,157 --> 00:53:17,740
PROFESSOR: OK.

1107
00:53:17,740 --> 00:53:19,046
Thank you very much.

1108
00:53:19,046 --> 00:53:21,340
[APPLAUSE]

1109
00:53:21,340 --> 00:53:24,010
Let' start with questions
on from the panel.

1110
00:53:24,010 --> 00:53:26,626
ROB MILLER: I'm going to use my
question to ask you to back up

1111
00:53:26,626 --> 00:53:28,375
to the slide where you
showed the numbers,

1112
00:53:28,375 --> 00:53:32,260
just so that we can look
at them a little bit more.

1113
00:53:32,260 --> 00:53:38,880
What do you think happened
overall on design [INAUDIBLE]?

1114
00:53:38,880 --> 00:53:41,240
GUEST SPEAKER: Because it
was a commercial product.

1115
00:53:41,240 --> 00:53:43,590
ROB MILLER: Oh, that
was the MaxiAid.

1116
00:53:43,590 --> 00:53:44,160
GUEST SPEAKER: So
we wanted to see

1117
00:53:44,160 --> 00:53:46,160
what we could take from
that, and we [INAUDIBLE]

1118
00:53:46,160 --> 00:53:48,020
the clip art that
stabilized the paper.

1119
00:53:48,020 --> 00:53:50,300
But in terms of accuracy,
it was hard for Jeffrey

1120
00:53:50,300 --> 00:53:51,960
to count the clicks.

1121
00:53:51,960 --> 00:53:54,180
ROB MILLER: So which one
is the final clipboard

1122
00:53:54,180 --> 00:53:55,550
prototype that you did?

1123
00:53:55,550 --> 00:53:57,716
GUEST SPEAKER: So
we have it here.

1124
00:53:57,716 --> 00:53:59,764
ROB MILLER: OK, but it's
not in this [INAUDIBLE].

1125
00:53:59,764 --> 00:54:00,930
GUEST SPEAKER: No, it's not.

1126
00:54:00,930 --> 00:54:02,842
I mean we didn't test it yet.

1127
00:54:06,642 --> 00:54:08,100
GUEST SPEAKER: Any
other questions?

1128
00:54:08,100 --> 00:54:08,600
Raquel?

1129
00:54:08,600 --> 00:54:11,040
RAQUEL: Can you go back
to explain the accuracy?

1130
00:54:11,040 --> 00:54:12,600
Like how many times
did you test it?

1131
00:54:12,600 --> 00:54:14,350
How did you determine
how accurate it was?

1132
00:54:14,350 --> 00:54:16,219
Was it one time?

1133
00:54:16,219 --> 00:54:18,510
GUEST SPEAKER: Yeah, we tested
it a few times for each,

1134
00:54:18,510 --> 00:54:20,130
and then we
essentially looked at--

1135
00:54:20,130 --> 00:54:22,920
so generally the accuracy
for how wobbly it was

1136
00:54:22,920 --> 00:54:24,780
was not a problem.

1137
00:54:24,780 --> 00:54:28,022
it was essentially where the
signature line started versus

1138
00:54:28,022 --> 00:54:29,188
where he started signing it.

1139
00:54:29,188 --> 00:54:32,525
And then we just took
the average of those.

1140
00:54:32,525 --> 00:54:33,941
ROB MILLER: What
did you find more

1141
00:54:33,941 --> 00:54:37,144
challenging in this project--
the software side of it

1142
00:54:37,144 --> 00:54:40,355
or the hardware side
of the [INAUDIBLE]

1143
00:54:40,355 --> 00:54:44,105
of an accurate measurement
of the [INAUDIBLE].

1144
00:54:44,105 --> 00:54:45,480
GUEST SPEAKER: I
think personally

1145
00:54:45,480 --> 00:54:47,510
found the hardware side
a bit more challenging.

1146
00:54:47,510 --> 00:54:51,740
I think we are more towards the
software side as our studies,

1147
00:54:51,740 --> 00:54:56,070
so it's more out of our comfort
zone the do the hardware side.

1148
00:54:56,070 --> 00:54:57,916
And part of it is also
iterating on hardware

1149
00:54:57,916 --> 00:55:00,110
is more of a
time-intensive process.

1150
00:55:00,110 --> 00:55:02,750
GUEST SPEAKER: I think we had
hard time trying to scope out

1151
00:55:02,750 --> 00:55:05,186
our project-- do we want to
handle documents of all sizes,

1152
00:55:05,186 --> 00:55:10,920
or do we just want to do it for
8.5" by 11" pieces of paper.

1153
00:55:10,920 --> 00:55:14,548
And I think we wanted to make
the hardware solution very

1154
00:55:14,548 --> 00:55:16,668
elegant, so it
took a lot of time

1155
00:55:16,668 --> 00:55:20,834
to figure out how to make
it so that it's easy to use

1156
00:55:20,834 --> 00:55:23,244
and simple enough to understand.

1157
00:55:23,244 --> 00:55:26,560
GUEST SPEAKER: And also, a lot
of challenges that Jeffrey had

1158
00:55:26,560 --> 00:55:29,190
using our project, we cannot
see well during the design.

1159
00:55:29,190 --> 00:55:31,400
For example, he wanted the
entire surface to be flat.

1160
00:55:31,400 --> 00:55:35,090
And also, he wants to be able
to have a [? bump ?] to align

1161
00:55:35,090 --> 00:55:35,890
with the bar.

1162
00:55:35,890 --> 00:55:38,870
So we kind of don't know that
when [? were ?] [? able ?]

1163
00:55:38,870 --> 00:55:42,620
to see everything, but when he
used it within-- at that time,

1164
00:55:42,620 --> 00:55:45,747
we realized what the flaw of
the design is so we can redo

1165
00:55:45,747 --> 00:55:46,448
the thing.

1166
00:55:49,720 --> 00:55:52,770
PROFESSOR: OK I think this team
has done some great iterations

1167
00:55:52,770 --> 00:55:55,750
and made good use of
Jeffrey's abilities.

1168
00:55:55,750 --> 00:55:56,400
So well done.

1169
00:55:56,400 --> 00:55:56,900
All right.

1170
00:55:56,900 --> 00:55:57,400
Thank you

1171
00:55:57,400 --> 00:55:59,018
[APPLAUSE]

1172
00:55:59,018 --> 00:56:00,890
We'll let Team Felicity set up.

1173
00:56:07,286 --> 00:56:08,690
ARI: Hi everyone.

1174
00:56:08,690 --> 00:56:11,470
So our product is vibeAware.

1175
00:56:11,470 --> 00:56:15,840
My name is Ari, and these are
my teammates Becca and Simi.

1176
00:56:15,840 --> 00:56:18,780
And our client is Felicity.

1177
00:56:18,780 --> 00:56:23,140
Felicity has neurofibromatosis,
which has, as a result,

1178
00:56:23,140 --> 00:56:29,030
left her profoundly deaf
and with low vision.

1179
00:56:29,030 --> 00:56:31,230
However Felicity is
very active, and she

1180
00:56:31,230 --> 00:56:34,690
tends to go out with friends,
she has doctor appointments,

1181
00:56:34,690 --> 00:56:37,710
goes to cafes, and of
all of these activities,

1182
00:56:37,710 --> 00:56:40,550
she notices that it's
really hard for other people

1183
00:56:40,550 --> 00:56:42,200
to get her attention.

1184
00:56:42,200 --> 00:56:45,660
So that's why we decided
to create vibeAware.

1185
00:56:45,660 --> 00:56:48,440
VibeAware is a device
with two components.

1186
00:56:48,440 --> 00:56:51,890
The first one Felicity
wears and the other one

1187
00:56:51,890 --> 00:56:53,160
she gives to a friend.

1188
00:56:53,160 --> 00:56:56,300
When the friend wants to notify
Felicity and get her attention,

1189
00:56:56,300 --> 00:56:59,310
they can just a toggle
the button on the remote

1190
00:56:59,310 --> 00:57:02,030
and then Felicity will get
a vibration that'll let her

1191
00:57:02,030 --> 00:57:04,590
be aware that someone's
trying to notify her.

1192
00:57:04,590 --> 00:57:08,950
Hence the terrible word pun.

1193
00:57:08,950 --> 00:57:13,510
And we're going to talk
about the design process.

1194
00:57:13,510 --> 00:57:16,690
SIMI: So through our project
we used an iterative design

1195
00:57:16,690 --> 00:57:18,530
process.

1196
00:57:18,530 --> 00:57:21,330
And our iterations
went as follows.

1197
00:57:21,330 --> 00:57:24,670
Our first design was
a toy car spin-off.

1198
00:57:24,670 --> 00:57:26,890
Our second design
was a light ring.

1199
00:57:26,890 --> 00:57:31,090
Then we created a custom circuit
and finally, refined that

1200
00:57:31,090 --> 00:57:32,500
to our final design.

1201
00:57:32,500 --> 00:57:35,170
And I'll go over those
more specifically now.

1202
00:57:35,170 --> 00:57:37,080
So in our first
iteration, we asked

1203
00:57:37,080 --> 00:57:39,340
ourselves the question,
how do we get an RF

1204
00:57:39,340 --> 00:57:40,660
signal to trigger a motor.

1205
00:57:40,660 --> 00:57:44,200
We're all software-focused
in our studies,

1206
00:57:44,200 --> 00:57:47,570
so we don't really know
a lot about hardware.

1207
00:57:47,570 --> 00:57:50,120
So we thought that
the best way to do

1208
00:57:50,120 --> 00:57:53,100
this is to use something
that's already out there.

1209
00:57:53,100 --> 00:57:54,800
And that is a toy car.

1210
00:57:54,800 --> 00:57:58,130
A toy car has two
switches that essentially

1211
00:57:58,130 --> 00:58:02,370
trigger two different
motors using an RF signal.

1212
00:58:02,370 --> 00:58:06,710
So we took apart a toy car, and
we learnt a lot through this

1213
00:58:06,710 --> 00:58:07,280
process.

1214
00:58:07,280 --> 00:58:08,610
We learnt about RF signals.

1215
00:58:08,610 --> 00:58:11,860
We learnt about how this works,
what components are necessary

1216
00:58:11,860 --> 00:58:13,390
to make it work.

1217
00:58:13,390 --> 00:58:17,950
And through this design,
we kind of played around

1218
00:58:17,950 --> 00:58:21,330
to see what we could get-- how
big of a design we could get.

1219
00:58:21,330 --> 00:58:26,000
But our pros in this design
were that we learnt about RF

1220
00:58:26,000 --> 00:58:29,420
signals; we found something
that works at a long range.

1221
00:58:29,420 --> 00:58:31,830
The cons are obviously
that it's huge, and bulky,

1222
00:58:31,830 --> 00:58:34,000
and it has a lot of
pieces that we don't need,

1223
00:58:34,000 --> 00:58:35,710
and it's not customized.

1224
00:58:35,710 --> 00:58:37,972
So we went to our
next iteration,

1225
00:58:37,972 --> 00:58:39,430
and we asked
ourselves the question

1226
00:58:39,430 --> 00:58:42,970
is it possible to create
this with a smaller design?

1227
00:58:42,970 --> 00:58:45,720
Again, we went with something
that's already out there.

1228
00:58:45,720 --> 00:58:48,680
We went with this little
tiny light switch that

1229
00:58:48,680 --> 00:58:50,610
basically is remote controlled.

1230
00:58:50,610 --> 00:58:55,060
And we kind of hacked that to
create our own little vibeAware

1231
00:58:55,060 --> 00:58:56,200
ring.

1232
00:58:56,200 --> 00:59:00,220
So this essentially
is a little light

1233
00:59:00,220 --> 00:59:03,050
with a motor attached
that we hacked on,

1234
00:59:03,050 --> 00:59:06,400
and the remote
control essentially

1235
00:59:06,400 --> 00:59:11,800
turns on the motor
as a notification.

1236
00:59:11,800 --> 00:59:13,380
The pros of this
design were that it

1237
00:59:13,380 --> 00:59:15,930
was very light and
small, but the cons

1238
00:59:15,930 --> 00:59:18,840
were that it works at
a very limited range,

1239
00:59:18,840 --> 00:59:21,820
the battery was short-lived,
and the circuit was just hacked,

1240
00:59:21,820 --> 00:59:24,830
it wasn't customized to
what we wanted it to do.

1241
00:59:24,830 --> 00:59:27,360
But we got something to work.

1242
00:59:27,360 --> 00:59:30,680
So now we're going to talk
about iteration three, which

1243
00:59:30,680 --> 00:59:36,230
basically progressed our
design further by three steps.

1244
00:59:36,230 --> 00:59:40,540
We asked ourselves the question,
can we get better range

1245
00:59:40,540 --> 00:59:41,800
with a smaller device?

1246
00:59:41,800 --> 00:59:44,090
And Ari's going to
talk more about this.

1247
00:59:46,650 --> 00:59:48,930
ARI: So the first
thing we felt was

1248
00:59:48,930 --> 00:59:51,510
that we weren't going to
be able to reach our design

1249
00:59:51,510 --> 00:59:53,940
objectives using off
the shelf hardware,

1250
00:59:53,940 --> 00:59:57,920
and we'd have to go and
create our own circuit.

1251
00:59:57,920 --> 01:00:03,150
So this is our first end-to-end
custom circuit product

1252
01:00:03,150 --> 01:00:03,780
that we made.

1253
01:00:03,780 --> 01:00:05,148
[CLAPPING]

1254
01:00:05,148 --> 01:00:06,520
[LAUGHTER]

1255
01:00:06,520 --> 01:00:08,510
And I'll talk about what we did.

1256
01:00:08,510 --> 01:00:12,330
So basically we did a search on
different hardware components

1257
01:00:12,330 --> 01:00:13,530
that we'd like to use.

1258
01:00:13,530 --> 01:00:16,440
We ended up getting a small
cellphone vibration motor

1259
01:00:16,440 --> 01:00:17,590
from sparkfun.

1260
01:00:17,590 --> 01:00:20,730
And the other
component we had was

1261
01:00:20,730 --> 01:00:23,050
the receiver and the key fob.

1262
01:00:23,050 --> 01:00:23,870
So this was great.

1263
01:00:23,870 --> 01:00:26,870
This had a remote control
that was already made,

1264
01:00:26,870 --> 01:00:30,750
and a corresponding chip that
we just had to supply power to.

1265
01:00:30,750 --> 01:00:32,700
You didn't need any
other microcontrollers

1266
01:00:32,700 --> 01:00:34,250
or extra stuff.

1267
01:00:34,250 --> 01:00:37,500
And when you hit the remote,
it would set one of the pins

1268
01:00:37,500 --> 01:00:42,940
to high on this
transmitter/receiver device.

1269
01:00:42,940 --> 01:00:46,550
It had up to 25 feet
of range, depending

1270
01:00:46,550 --> 01:00:50,180
on line-of-sight obstructions,
and it was only $12.

1271
01:00:50,180 --> 01:00:52,590
So using that and
other basic components

1272
01:00:52,590 --> 01:00:58,470
like LEDs, push buttons, we
were able to create this design.

1273
01:00:58,470 --> 01:01:00,050
So we started with
this schematic,

1274
01:01:00,050 --> 01:01:03,230
and we had different-- pretty
much the easiest way you

1275
01:01:03,230 --> 01:01:04,700
could try to set this thing up.

1276
01:01:04,700 --> 01:01:06,890
We tested it out
on a breadboard,

1277
01:01:06,890 --> 01:01:12,170
and then we tried to put it
all into a small proto-board.

1278
01:01:12,170 --> 01:01:16,300
And afterwards, we put
it in a cardboard box.

1279
01:01:16,300 --> 01:01:21,460
So surprisingly, Felicity
was really excited

1280
01:01:21,460 --> 01:01:25,750
when she received this, but
we felt that we could probably

1281
01:01:25,750 --> 01:01:29,270
do a little bit better.

1282
01:01:29,270 --> 01:01:32,830
And so the pros of it was it
was our fully functional circuit

1283
01:01:32,830 --> 01:01:33,660
design.

1284
01:01:33,660 --> 01:01:35,780
It had longer range
than the ring,

1285
01:01:35,780 --> 01:01:38,980
and it was much smaller
than our RC car.

1286
01:01:38,980 --> 01:01:41,470
The con was we really
didn't spend time thinking

1287
01:01:41,470 --> 01:01:43,540
about the enclosure.

1288
01:01:43,540 --> 01:01:46,250
This one also had a
very large battery pack,

1289
01:01:46,250 --> 01:01:49,200
and again, the circuit
wasn't completely closed,

1290
01:01:49,200 --> 01:01:51,140
so it was a little bit fragile.

1291
01:01:51,140 --> 01:01:55,120
So after this we said,
how can we improve this?

1292
01:01:55,120 --> 01:01:56,620
How can we make it more durable?

1293
01:01:58,994 --> 01:02:01,410
BECCA: So I'm Becca, and I'll
talk about this final design

1294
01:02:01,410 --> 01:02:03,800
that we put together.

1295
01:02:03,800 --> 01:02:05,320
So the goal of the
final design was

1296
01:02:05,320 --> 01:02:08,637
to make something that was a
bit more durable and compact,

1297
01:02:08,637 --> 01:02:10,970
and so what we decided to do
was create an acrylic shell

1298
01:02:10,970 --> 01:02:12,464
for our final
circuit, and we also

1299
01:02:12,464 --> 01:02:15,130
want to think about how we could
make the vibration a little bit

1300
01:02:15,130 --> 01:02:16,040
more strong.

1301
01:02:16,040 --> 01:02:18,310
And so we decided to go
with a nine volt battery,

1302
01:02:18,310 --> 01:02:21,210
instead of the smaller batteries
that we were using before.

1303
01:02:21,210 --> 01:02:23,909
And in this final design we've
considered both maintainability

1304
01:02:23,909 --> 01:02:24,700
and also usability.

1305
01:02:27,447 --> 01:02:29,280
Because we were using
this nine volt battery

1306
01:02:29,280 --> 01:02:32,080
we have to make some
minor circuit adjustments.

1307
01:02:32,080 --> 01:02:34,980
So since the receiver
uses five volt,

1308
01:02:34,980 --> 01:02:36,910
we had to use a linear
voltage regulator

1309
01:02:36,910 --> 01:02:39,140
to interface to two components.

1310
01:02:39,140 --> 01:02:41,080
And so we edited that.

1311
01:02:41,080 --> 01:02:42,530
And also in this
final design, we

1312
01:02:42,530 --> 01:02:44,940
had to consider how Felicity
was going be using it,

1313
01:02:44,940 --> 01:02:47,310
and so how these various
components like the motor,

1314
01:02:47,310 --> 01:02:48,940
the switches, the
LED, and the battery

1315
01:02:48,940 --> 01:02:50,941
were going to be positioned
in the final design.

1316
01:02:50,941 --> 01:02:52,440
So I'll talk a bit
about this later,

1317
01:02:52,440 --> 01:02:54,440
but these are just sketches
of us brainstorming

1318
01:02:54,440 --> 01:02:55,890
as we were thinking about it.

1319
01:02:55,890 --> 01:02:57,598
And also, as we were
thinking about this,

1320
01:02:57,598 --> 01:03:00,187
we decided to make the final
design a necklace instead,

1321
01:03:00,187 --> 01:03:01,770
because at one point
in our interview,

1322
01:03:01,770 --> 01:03:03,990
Felicity had mentioned that
her sternum area is one

1323
01:03:03,990 --> 01:03:05,780
of her most sensitive areas.

1324
01:03:05,780 --> 01:03:08,260
And so if we could leverage
that, and put a motor

1325
01:03:08,260 --> 01:03:10,176
next to that, we thought
that the notification

1326
01:03:10,176 --> 01:03:11,310
would be more effective.

1327
01:03:13,755 --> 01:03:15,630
And so when were making
the acrylic shelling,

1328
01:03:15,630 --> 01:03:18,390
we first designed
it in the software,

1329
01:03:18,390 --> 01:03:21,320
and then just used
a laser cutter

1330
01:03:21,320 --> 01:03:22,710
to create the acrylic shelling.

1331
01:03:22,710 --> 01:03:24,085
And that's what
you can see here.

1332
01:03:24,085 --> 01:03:26,190
And this was the
size we had to make

1333
01:03:26,190 --> 01:03:29,350
in order for the battery and
the circuit to fit inside of it.

1334
01:03:29,350 --> 01:03:30,730
And so this is our final design.

1335
01:03:30,730 --> 01:03:32,360
It's actually a
shiny black encasing,

1336
01:03:32,360 --> 01:03:35,200
but we had to tape it when
were first testing it out,

1337
01:03:35,200 --> 01:03:38,710
but as you can see, first
the antenna has to pop out,

1338
01:03:38,710 --> 01:03:42,100
because we wanted to
maximize the signal strength,

1339
01:03:42,100 --> 01:03:45,010
and we put the LED at the
top of the necklace device

1340
01:03:45,010 --> 01:03:48,210
so that it maximizes the
visibility when she sees it.

1341
01:03:48,210 --> 01:03:52,082
And we have two switches.

1342
01:03:52,082 --> 01:03:54,040
So one switch is she
flips it on when she first

1343
01:03:54,040 --> 01:03:55,040
wants to use the device.

1344
01:03:55,040 --> 01:03:58,280
And the LED will turn on
that so she knows it's on.

1345
01:03:58,280 --> 01:04:00,440
Then when her friend
triggers the device

1346
01:04:00,440 --> 01:04:03,140
and it starts vibrating, she
can press a second switch,

1347
01:04:03,140 --> 01:04:05,410
which is a push button
to reset the device

1348
01:04:05,410 --> 01:04:06,639
and turn off the vibration.

1349
01:04:06,639 --> 01:04:08,180
But the device will
keep on listening

1350
01:04:08,180 --> 01:04:11,280
until she switches off the LED.

1351
01:04:11,280 --> 01:04:13,210
And so when we're
positioning the switches,

1352
01:04:13,210 --> 01:04:14,890
we knew that Felicity
was right-handed,

1353
01:04:14,890 --> 01:04:17,630
and so we put the
switches accordingly.

1354
01:04:17,630 --> 01:04:21,380
And we also put the motor on
the back side of the necklace

1355
01:04:21,380 --> 01:04:23,730
so it was touching her skin.

1356
01:04:23,730 --> 01:04:25,920
So some pros of this were
that it was more robust,

1357
01:04:25,920 --> 01:04:28,330
and we thought about the
positioning a bit more,

1358
01:04:28,330 --> 01:04:30,930
but inside the circuit
is a bit messy,

1359
01:04:30,930 --> 01:04:32,510
and the battery is really heavy.

1360
01:04:32,510 --> 01:04:34,480
So the reason why we decided to
go with the nine volt battery

1361
01:04:34,480 --> 01:04:37,021
was because we wanted to make
sure she could still replace it

1362
01:04:37,021 --> 01:04:39,387
once we've given this to
her a little while later.

1363
01:04:39,387 --> 01:04:41,720
Because we were really tempted
to use a smaller battery,

1364
01:04:41,720 --> 01:04:43,500
but it'd be a lot harder
for her to replace,

1365
01:04:43,500 --> 01:04:45,666
and we really wanted to
think about maintainability.

1366
01:04:48,310 --> 01:04:50,840
So we're running out
of time, but we also

1367
01:04:50,840 --> 01:04:52,910
considered distance
and vibration.

1368
01:04:52,910 --> 01:04:54,745
And she approved of
the vibration strength,

1369
01:04:54,745 --> 01:04:56,120
and with the
distance we ended up

1370
01:04:56,120 --> 01:04:59,250
with 25 feet range, which
is good for the use cases

1371
01:04:59,250 --> 01:05:00,780
that we were considering.

1372
01:05:00,780 --> 01:05:03,546
And just wrapping up and
talking about some learning

1373
01:05:03,546 --> 01:05:05,420
and reflection that we
had with this project,

1374
01:05:05,420 --> 01:05:07,050
personally it was really
hard as a team for us

1375
01:05:07,050 --> 01:05:08,549
to narrow the scope
because Felicity

1376
01:05:08,549 --> 01:05:10,750
had a lot of great
project ideas,

1377
01:05:10,750 --> 01:05:12,900
and we also are all
software-oriented

1378
01:05:12,900 --> 01:05:15,210
so it was hard to learn
about the hardware.

1379
01:05:15,210 --> 01:05:18,270
Designing AT is really difficult
because we have to customize,

1380
01:05:18,270 --> 01:05:21,537
and it's hard to scale something
that you're customizing.

1381
01:05:21,537 --> 01:05:23,120
But working with
Felicity was amazing.

1382
01:05:23,120 --> 01:05:25,320
She was a really fantastic
and understanding client,

1383
01:05:25,320 --> 01:05:27,600
and we really learned a
lot through the process.

1384
01:05:27,600 --> 01:05:28,563
Thank you.

1385
01:05:28,563 --> 01:05:31,050
[APPLAUSE]

1386
01:05:34,930 --> 01:05:37,634
ROB MILLER: So your
presentation actually looked

1387
01:05:37,634 --> 01:05:42,364
like a lot about exploring
[? the ?] products, right?

1388
01:05:42,364 --> 01:05:44,340
[INAUDIBLE]

1389
01:05:44,340 --> 01:05:48,126
I wonder if you could
say more about what you

1390
01:05:48,126 --> 01:05:50,268
learned about how [INAUDIBLE].

1391
01:05:50,268 --> 01:05:53,232
Some of it came out at
the end, [INAUDIBLE].

1392
01:05:56,196 --> 01:06:01,136
The sensitive areas,
but can you say

1393
01:06:01,136 --> 01:06:04,100
something about her
sense of comfort

1394
01:06:04,100 --> 01:06:06,076
while wearing
something like this?

1395
01:06:08,580 --> 01:06:11,760
BETH: So a few use cases-- so
we thought about this idea early

1396
01:06:11,760 --> 01:06:14,840
on actually in the
semester, but we moved away

1397
01:06:14,840 --> 01:06:17,480
from it-- but some use cases
that Felicity had initially

1398
01:06:17,480 --> 01:06:19,892
mentioned were like
during class-- she'd

1399
01:06:19,892 --> 01:06:21,850
take some classes, and
it's really hard for her

1400
01:06:21,850 --> 01:06:24,540
to know when someone has told
her it's her turn to speak,

1401
01:06:24,540 --> 01:06:26,000
and so this was
one use case there.

1402
01:06:26,000 --> 01:06:27,611
And also when
she's with friends,

1403
01:06:27,611 --> 01:06:29,110
and she's at a
concert or something,

1404
01:06:29,110 --> 01:06:30,710
and if she gets lost
from our friends,

1405
01:06:30,710 --> 01:06:31,793
this would be an easy way.

1406
01:06:31,793 --> 01:06:34,010
She doesn't always carry
her phone on her person,

1407
01:06:34,010 --> 01:06:36,410
and so if they text her,
she doesn't always know,

1408
01:06:36,410 --> 01:06:37,610
or if they're calling her.

1409
01:06:37,610 --> 01:06:40,390
And so this would be a quick
way to grab their attention.

1410
01:06:40,390 --> 01:06:43,380
One reason why we moved away
was we thought about security,

1411
01:06:43,380 --> 01:06:45,700
and if she went
to a coffee shop,

1412
01:06:45,700 --> 01:06:48,390
and she wanted them to use it,
how comfortable would people

1413
01:06:48,390 --> 01:06:50,085
feel when someone's
just walking up

1414
01:06:50,085 --> 01:06:52,790
to them with this random remote,
asking them to press a button

1415
01:06:52,790 --> 01:06:54,814
to ask for their attention.

1416
01:06:54,814 --> 01:06:56,355
So that's why we
felt like, socially,

1417
01:06:56,355 --> 01:06:57,855
it would be a really
awkward device.

1418
01:06:57,855 --> 01:06:59,063
And so we moved away from it.

1419
01:06:59,063 --> 01:07:00,890
ROB MILLER: Did you
ever actually try that?

1420
01:07:00,890 --> 01:07:02,660
Like go to a coffee
shop and [INAUDIBLE]?

1421
01:07:02,660 --> 01:07:05,180
BECCA: Well we did it
with-- we were just filming,

1422
01:07:05,180 --> 01:07:08,300
and we asked them if we
could like just videotape

1423
01:07:08,300 --> 01:07:10,740
our conversation while she
was ordering something,

1424
01:07:10,740 --> 01:07:13,081
and they were already really
uncomfortable, and so--

1425
01:07:13,081 --> 01:07:14,080
ROB MILLER: [INAUDIBLE].

1426
01:07:14,080 --> 01:07:16,260
BECCA: Well it
wasn't a-- oh, sorry.

1427
01:07:16,260 --> 01:07:18,440
SIMI: So she actually
told us that she

1428
01:07:18,440 --> 01:07:21,480
was uncomfortable with giving
this device to someone else.

1429
01:07:21,480 --> 01:07:23,930
I think part of one
discussion we had was

1430
01:07:23,930 --> 01:07:28,790
that she didn't want to have
to explain to someone else

1431
01:07:28,790 --> 01:07:31,180
why she's giving it to
them, because she already

1432
01:07:31,180 --> 01:07:34,930
has like trouble hearing
them and communicating

1433
01:07:34,930 --> 01:07:36,120
with them otherwise.

1434
01:07:36,120 --> 01:07:38,990
She wants every
piece of information

1435
01:07:38,990 --> 01:07:40,990
told right away so
that she doesn't

1436
01:07:40,990 --> 01:07:42,669
have to answer
questions, and she

1437
01:07:42,669 --> 01:07:44,335
was worried about the
questions that she

1438
01:07:44,335 --> 01:07:48,432
would have to answer if she
gives someone this device.

1439
01:07:48,432 --> 01:07:50,890
BECCA: And I guess the way we
mediated that was in the end,

1440
01:07:50,890 --> 01:07:53,120
the use cases we had for her
and the ones that she wants

1441
01:07:53,120 --> 01:07:54,760
is to use this with
friends and people

1442
01:07:54,760 --> 01:07:56,762
she's already familiar with.

1443
01:07:56,762 --> 01:07:59,242
GUEST SPEAKER: I have another
question. [INAUDIBLE].

1444
01:07:59,242 --> 01:08:02,714
Were there any kind of
pre-fabricated circuits

1445
01:08:02,714 --> 01:08:04,100
that we could have used?

1446
01:08:04,100 --> 01:08:06,945
I mean I love the fact
that you were able to-- it

1447
01:08:06,945 --> 01:08:09,891
was very instructive
[? building ?] the circuit.

1448
01:08:09,891 --> 01:08:10,873
But [INAUDIBLE].

1449
01:08:14,310 --> 01:08:16,765
Do you think that would
have been something that

1450
01:08:16,765 --> 01:08:18,960
could have served the purpose?

1451
01:08:18,960 --> 01:08:19,460
BECCA: Yeah.

1452
01:08:19,460 --> 01:08:21,569
So the receiver
itself is pre-bought.

1453
01:08:21,569 --> 01:08:23,840
So that's something we
used out of the box.

1454
01:08:23,840 --> 01:08:26,617
I think our functionalities
are a bit more unsophisticated

1455
01:08:26,617 --> 01:08:28,950
that we didn't have to turn
towards [INAUDIBLE] and more

1456
01:08:28,950 --> 01:08:30,370
expensive things.

1457
01:08:30,370 --> 01:08:32,164
The biggest, bulkiest
thing is the battery,

1458
01:08:32,164 --> 01:08:34,080
and that was just something
we decided to use,

1459
01:08:34,080 --> 01:08:35,371
because it was easily replaced.

1460
01:08:38,540 --> 01:08:40,140
PROFESSOR: OK.

1461
01:08:40,140 --> 01:08:42,482
With your team, I think over
the course of the semester,

1462
01:08:42,482 --> 01:08:44,065
you've gotten to
know Felicity better.

1463
01:08:44,065 --> 01:08:47,840
I'm interested in seeing what
the results are in evaluating

1464
01:08:47,840 --> 01:08:51,890
with them, and I think you've
done some strong work putting

1465
01:08:51,890 --> 01:08:52,890
together this prototype.

1466
01:08:52,890 --> 01:08:53,120
Well done.

1467
01:08:53,120 --> 01:08:53,695
All right.

1468
01:08:53,695 --> 01:08:54,195
Thanks.

1469
01:09:01,924 --> 01:09:03,340
BETH: Imagine
you're in your room;

1470
01:09:03,340 --> 01:09:04,756
you're sitting in
your wheelchair,

1471
01:09:04,756 --> 01:09:07,140
and you pull something
out of a drawer.

1472
01:09:07,140 --> 01:09:10,270
All of a sudden the drawer
starts falling on top of you.

1473
01:09:10,270 --> 01:09:12,970
Now because you have
limited mobility,

1474
01:09:12,970 --> 01:09:15,630
you can't just move
that drawer back up,

1475
01:09:15,630 --> 01:09:18,720
and because you aren't
able to yell for help,

1476
01:09:18,720 --> 01:09:20,770
you're pretty much helpless.

1477
01:09:20,770 --> 01:09:21,590
My name's Beth.

1478
01:09:21,590 --> 01:09:23,890
This is Tanya and Laura,
and this semester we

1479
01:09:23,890 --> 01:09:26,970
had the pleasure of working
with Margaret, our client.

1480
01:09:26,970 --> 01:09:31,279
She found herself in this very
situation, and because of that,

1481
01:09:31,279 --> 01:09:35,180
she wanted to have a better way
that she could call for help.

1482
01:09:35,180 --> 01:09:38,090
She lives in The Boston Home,
which is an assisted living

1483
01:09:38,090 --> 01:09:41,399
community for about 90
residents in Dorchester,

1484
01:09:41,399 --> 01:09:43,960
and she was diagnosed
with multiple sclerosis,

1485
01:09:43,960 --> 01:09:46,890
so she is bound to
wheelchair, as are all

1486
01:09:46,890 --> 01:09:49,680
of the residents of the home.

1487
01:09:49,680 --> 01:09:51,529
And like I said, the
goal of our project

1488
01:09:51,529 --> 01:09:56,430
is to design a system that
allows her to call for help.

1489
01:09:56,430 --> 01:09:59,240
Currently the system in
place in The Boston Home

1490
01:09:59,240 --> 01:10:03,530
is just inaccessible for a
large percentage of the time.

1491
01:10:03,530 --> 01:10:06,000
Currently, it's a button
that's attached to the wall,

1492
01:10:06,000 --> 01:10:08,260
and when you're pulling
the drawer open,

1493
01:10:08,260 --> 01:10:10,360
the button's
nowhere to be found.

1494
01:10:10,360 --> 01:10:12,800
So we did was
develop an iPad app--

1495
01:10:12,800 --> 01:10:15,070
we call it InstaAid--
and it allows

1496
01:10:15,070 --> 01:10:17,436
Margaret and many other
residents to call for help.

1497
01:10:20,582 --> 01:10:22,540
LAURA: So we frequently
visited The Boston Home

1498
01:10:22,540 --> 01:10:24,081
throughout the course
of the semester

1499
01:10:24,081 --> 01:10:27,290
to speak with both Margaret and
other staff members at the home

1500
01:10:27,290 --> 01:10:29,680
so that we could receive
feedback as we iterated

1501
01:10:29,680 --> 01:10:31,950
through several prototypes.

1502
01:10:31,950 --> 01:10:34,210
What you see here is
an iPad screenshot

1503
01:10:34,210 --> 01:10:35,790
of our first prototype.

1504
01:10:35,790 --> 01:10:37,360
Before we got to
the stage, we did

1505
01:10:37,360 --> 01:10:39,720
do some paper prototype
sketches as well

1506
01:10:39,720 --> 01:10:42,540
and then implemented
that on the iPad.

1507
01:10:42,540 --> 01:10:45,100
And in our first
iteration, our home screen

1508
01:10:45,100 --> 01:10:49,510
was too large buttons for
urgent and non-urgent requests.

1509
01:10:49,510 --> 01:10:51,780
Pressing the urgent
button results

1510
01:10:51,780 --> 01:10:56,630
in a video chat with a nurse
at the nurse's station,

1511
01:10:56,630 --> 01:10:59,310
and then pressing the
non-urgent button leads you

1512
01:10:59,310 --> 01:11:02,970
to the screenshot you see
in the middle with six

1513
01:11:02,970 --> 01:11:07,200
cookie-cutter requests that
residents commonly have

1514
01:11:07,200 --> 01:11:08,960
such as please give me water.

1515
01:11:08,960 --> 01:11:10,510
And pressing any
of these buttons

1516
01:11:10,510 --> 01:11:14,020
also leads that
resident to a video chat

1517
01:11:14,020 --> 01:11:19,070
with the nurse to specify more
information about the request.

1518
01:11:19,070 --> 01:11:21,280
Some feedback we received
from this iteration

1519
01:11:21,280 --> 01:11:24,400
was that we should replace
that colorful icons

1520
01:11:24,400 --> 01:11:30,320
that we previously had with
larger and more contrast icons,

1521
01:11:30,320 --> 01:11:32,700
so that it's easier for
residents to distinguish.

1522
01:11:32,700 --> 01:11:35,100
And we were also
advised to remove

1523
01:11:35,100 --> 01:11:38,350
the urgent and non-urgent
distinction for requests,

1524
01:11:38,350 --> 01:11:40,550
because each resident
at The Boston Home

1525
01:11:40,550 --> 01:11:44,050
might have different views
of what urgent means to them.

1526
01:11:44,050 --> 01:11:49,200
And finally, after
pressing one of the buttons

1527
01:11:49,200 --> 01:11:52,890
for common requests, rather than
being taken to a video chat,

1528
01:11:52,890 --> 01:11:56,980
we showed the resident
a screen that gave them

1529
01:11:56,980 --> 01:11:59,370
information about whether
their request has been received

1530
01:11:59,370 --> 01:12:04,170
by the nurse and whether it's
currently being addressed.

1531
01:12:04,170 --> 01:12:07,170
So with this in mind, we moved
on to our second iteration.

1532
01:12:07,170 --> 01:12:09,820
So you can see the
difference in icons

1533
01:12:09,820 --> 01:12:12,110
that we have here-- with
the black and white,

1534
01:12:12,110 --> 01:12:15,190
the higher contrast.

1535
01:12:15,190 --> 01:12:20,020
So we now have video
chat and send message

1536
01:12:20,020 --> 01:12:23,710
as two special icons that
we hadn't implemented yet.

1537
01:12:23,710 --> 01:12:25,730
But then the other
four buttons lead

1538
01:12:25,730 --> 01:12:30,620
to the request sent screen that
you see on the right-hand side.

1539
01:12:30,620 --> 01:12:34,320
And it also gives the
option to close the request.

1540
01:12:34,320 --> 01:12:40,250
And we also made a prototype
for the nurse in this iteration.

1541
01:12:40,250 --> 01:12:42,720
You can see here on
the left hand side

1542
01:12:42,720 --> 01:12:46,170
that the nurse currently has
two outstanding requests,

1543
01:12:46,170 --> 01:12:49,180
and then if you presses
the process request button,

1544
01:12:49,180 --> 01:12:52,700
it turns to green, and
then she can close it

1545
01:12:52,700 --> 01:12:56,300
once it's completely fulfilled.

1546
01:12:56,300 --> 01:12:58,010
Some feedback from
this iteration

1547
01:12:58,010 --> 01:13:02,990
is that we should introduce
a login system that

1548
01:13:02,990 --> 01:13:05,810
persists even when the app
closes so that residents

1549
01:13:05,810 --> 01:13:08,014
don't need to login every
time they open the app.

1550
01:13:08,014 --> 01:13:09,430
And at this point,
we still needed

1551
01:13:09,430 --> 01:13:13,170
to implement sending custom
text messages to the nurse

1552
01:13:13,170 --> 01:13:14,140
and the video chat.

1553
01:13:17,440 --> 01:13:20,390
TANYA: So before we went on
to test our final prototype

1554
01:13:20,390 --> 01:13:23,320
and go on to actually deploy
this at The Boston Home,

1555
01:13:23,320 --> 01:13:25,672
we decided to conduct
a couple of experiments

1556
01:13:25,672 --> 01:13:27,380
so that we knew what
we are dealing with.

1557
01:13:27,380 --> 01:13:29,440
So the first thing
we asked Margaret

1558
01:13:29,440 --> 01:13:33,070
was how often she was unable
to access the call light

1559
01:13:33,070 --> 01:13:35,500
system when she needed aid.

1560
01:13:35,500 --> 01:13:39,020
And she responded that it
was about 90% of the time.

1561
01:13:39,020 --> 01:13:42,490
And we also timed the amount of
time that it took for a nurse

1562
01:13:42,490 --> 01:13:47,340
to respond to her request by
pressing the call light button,

1563
01:13:47,340 --> 01:13:49,550
and that ended up being
approximately eight minutes

1564
01:13:49,550 --> 01:13:51,420
every time she did that.

1565
01:13:51,420 --> 01:13:53,910
And finally, because we're
using the iPad application,

1566
01:13:53,910 --> 01:13:56,190
and it depended on
her being able to send

1567
01:13:56,190 --> 01:13:58,465
this request to the
nurse's station,

1568
01:13:58,465 --> 01:14:01,090
we wanted to make sure that the
Wi-Fi network was robust enough

1569
01:14:01,090 --> 01:14:02,350
to handle this.

1570
01:14:02,350 --> 01:14:05,250
And we found that it was pretty
adequate-- that it covered most

1571
01:14:05,250 --> 01:14:07,880
of The Boston Home-- but there
were a couple of dead zones

1572
01:14:07,880 --> 01:14:09,840
and transitions might
have been an issue

1573
01:14:09,840 --> 01:14:13,330
if she was moving while
she was doing this.

1574
01:14:13,330 --> 01:14:16,730
So taking this all into account,
we made our final prototype

1575
01:14:16,730 --> 01:14:20,950
and were able to give this to
Margaret at The Boston Home.

1576
01:14:20,950 --> 01:14:23,520
So I'll just walk you through
a workflow of potentially

1577
01:14:23,520 --> 01:14:24,736
what a resident might do.

1578
01:14:28,140 --> 01:14:29,890
So they are led to
this home screen

1579
01:14:29,890 --> 01:14:31,730
with the high contrast buttons
and can press something

1580
01:14:31,730 --> 01:14:33,688
like bring water, in
which case they will go on

1581
01:14:33,688 --> 01:14:35,640
to the request sent button.

1582
01:14:35,640 --> 01:14:38,350
That request is then
sent to the nurses side.

1583
01:14:38,350 --> 01:14:39,860
It'll appear, and
they can go ahead

1584
01:14:39,860 --> 01:14:41,901
and say that they want to
process their request--

1585
01:14:41,901 --> 01:14:43,600
that they've received it.

1586
01:14:43,600 --> 01:14:46,399
And then that'll show up
on the resident's side,

1587
01:14:46,399 --> 01:14:47,440
saying request processed.

1588
01:14:47,440 --> 01:14:49,910
They can go ahead and close
the request if they want.

1589
01:14:49,910 --> 01:14:53,970
The nurse can also go ahead and
close the request on their side

1590
01:14:53,970 --> 01:14:56,460
as well once it's
been fulfilled.

1591
01:14:56,460 --> 01:14:58,144
Residents can also
send a text message.

1592
01:14:58,144 --> 01:14:59,560
So it's a custom
message that they

1593
01:14:59,560 --> 01:15:02,070
can send if they don't have
any of the preset ones.

1594
01:15:02,070 --> 01:15:03,750
So I need to take
my medications,

1595
01:15:03,750 --> 01:15:05,750
and they can tell the
nurse that they want that,

1596
01:15:05,750 --> 01:15:08,830
and that will show up as a
custom message on the nurse's

1597
01:15:08,830 --> 01:15:09,590
side as well.

1598
01:15:09,590 --> 01:15:11,187
And it proceeds from there.

1599
01:15:23,560 --> 01:15:25,780
So this wasn't shown
in this screencast,

1600
01:15:25,780 --> 01:15:28,150
but there's also a
video chat capability.

1601
01:15:28,150 --> 01:15:30,242
So this is us testing
it with Margaret.

1602
01:15:30,242 --> 01:15:31,950
She can simply press
the button, and then

1603
01:15:31,950 --> 01:15:34,491
it connects directly with the
iPad, so she's able to do that.

1604
01:15:40,040 --> 01:15:43,910
And what was great was when
we left it at The Boston Home

1605
01:15:43,910 --> 01:15:46,460
for a week, Don
actually was kind of

1606
01:15:46,460 --> 01:15:49,170
to make this Nurse's iPad mount.

1607
01:15:49,170 --> 01:15:52,386
So, as you can see, it's at the
nurse's station with a bunch

1608
01:15:52,386 --> 01:15:53,510
of the other devices there.

1609
01:15:53,510 --> 01:15:56,390
So the nurse typically needs a
computer, the call light system

1610
01:15:56,390 --> 01:15:58,800
itself, as well as a
desk space for paperwork.

1611
01:15:58,800 --> 01:16:01,054
So we put it right in
the center of the desk

1612
01:16:01,054 --> 01:16:02,470
so that they'll
be able to see it,

1613
01:16:02,470 --> 01:16:03,850
and it's always going to be on.

1614
01:16:03,850 --> 01:16:05,820
It's never going to turn off.

1615
01:16:05,820 --> 01:16:10,270
And so that's just a
closer up version of that.

1616
01:16:10,270 --> 01:16:13,079
So after this, we went back,
visited our experiments,

1617
01:16:13,079 --> 01:16:15,370
and tried to see what the
results of our week-long test

1618
01:16:15,370 --> 01:16:16,110
were.

1619
01:16:16,110 --> 01:16:18,030
And we found that
Margaret was successfully

1620
01:16:18,030 --> 01:16:20,280
able to send the
request via her iPad

1621
01:16:20,280 --> 01:16:22,310
and then receive
aid from the nurse

1622
01:16:22,310 --> 01:16:23,900
when she requested something.

1623
01:16:23,900 --> 01:16:27,500
So the iPad was actually
only inaccessible one time,

1624
01:16:27,500 --> 01:16:29,430
but during that one
time, the call light

1625
01:16:29,430 --> 01:16:32,050
was also an inaccessible,
so she had to find

1626
01:16:32,050 --> 01:16:33,675
a different way to request aid.

1627
01:16:33,675 --> 01:16:35,800
And we also found that the
response time is faster.

1628
01:16:35,800 --> 01:16:37,600
It was about three minutes.

1629
01:16:37,600 --> 01:16:39,667
And we are not
completely sure about how

1630
01:16:39,667 --> 01:16:41,750
that's going to work with
logistically, because we

1631
01:16:41,750 --> 01:16:43,583
believe that this might
be a faster response

1632
01:16:43,583 --> 01:16:45,530
time because it's a new
system, but we kind of

1633
01:16:45,530 --> 01:16:48,106
want to see how it pans
out in the long run.

1634
01:16:48,106 --> 01:16:49,980
And we also found that
there were no problems

1635
01:16:49,980 --> 01:16:54,085
with Wi-Fi connectivity

1636
01:16:54,085 --> 01:16:55,460
BETH: So from the
very beginning,

1637
01:16:55,460 --> 01:16:58,160
Margaret's vision was
for her to not just

1638
01:16:58,160 --> 01:17:00,630
be the only client-- for the
entirety of The Boston Home

1639
01:17:00,630 --> 01:17:01,750
to be the client.

1640
01:17:01,750 --> 01:17:03,400
So in this current
week, we've actually

1641
01:17:03,400 --> 01:17:06,810
been working to deploy this
system on more resident's

1642
01:17:06,810 --> 01:17:09,410
iPads, and we've already
received feedback,

1643
01:17:09,410 --> 01:17:12,140
and we're hoping to
incorporate that.

1644
01:17:12,140 --> 01:17:13,884
We've also received
the piece of feedback

1645
01:17:13,884 --> 01:17:15,300
that would be very
helpful to have

1646
01:17:15,300 --> 01:17:18,970
the location of the resident
when they send the request,

1647
01:17:18,970 --> 01:17:21,370
and that's something
that we would

1648
01:17:21,370 --> 01:17:25,250
propose as a feature project.

1649
01:17:25,250 --> 01:17:28,210
So ultimately, through
working on this project,

1650
01:17:28,210 --> 01:17:31,080
we want to reiterate that when
you design for one client,

1651
01:17:31,080 --> 01:17:33,430
that doesn't necessarily
scale for all.

1652
01:17:33,430 --> 01:17:35,000
We learned this.

1653
01:17:35,000 --> 01:17:39,620
We also learned that it's very
helpful to receive feedback

1654
01:17:39,620 --> 01:17:42,100
from many, many individuals,
not just your direct client.

1655
01:17:42,100 --> 01:17:45,290
So we worked with a lot of the
individuals in The Boston Home.

1656
01:17:45,290 --> 01:17:47,630
And finally, it was
difficult for us

1657
01:17:47,630 --> 01:17:50,560
to scope this project initially,
because there is so much

1658
01:17:50,560 --> 01:17:52,340
potential, but we
wanted to deliver

1659
01:17:52,340 --> 01:17:54,740
a product that was
very useful in the time

1660
01:17:54,740 --> 01:17:57,090
constraints of this class.

1661
01:17:57,090 --> 01:18:01,370
Ultimately, we'd really like to
thank our client Margaret, Don

1662
01:18:01,370 --> 01:18:03,170
Fredette, who many of
you have worked with.

1663
01:18:03,170 --> 01:18:05,270
We really appreciate
his help on our project

1664
01:18:05,270 --> 01:18:07,770
and all of The Boston Home
staff have been really

1665
01:18:07,770 --> 01:18:09,632
great at giving us feedback.

1666
01:18:09,632 --> 01:18:11,078
Thank you.

1667
01:18:11,078 --> 01:18:13,488
[APPLAUSE]

1668
01:18:16,862 --> 01:18:18,308
GUEST SPEAKER:
I'm just wondering

1669
01:18:18,308 --> 01:18:21,200
what the variables that you find
really difficult to work with

1670
01:18:21,200 --> 01:18:22,170
were.

1671
01:18:22,170 --> 01:18:26,208
Things that were sort of
[INAUDIBLE] in an ideal world

1672
01:18:26,208 --> 01:18:28,578
have a little more
control over [INAUDIBLE]?

1673
01:18:31,159 --> 01:18:32,700
TANYA: I think one
of the main things

1674
01:18:32,700 --> 01:18:36,620
is definitely working
with the nurses.

1675
01:18:36,620 --> 01:18:42,099
So had started out with, of
course, talking to Margaret,

1676
01:18:42,099 --> 01:18:43,890
and then we found that
as much as we needed

1677
01:18:43,890 --> 01:18:45,348
to talk to Margaret,
we also needed

1678
01:18:45,348 --> 01:18:47,984
to talk to the nurse to
get her input on the UI,

1679
01:18:47,984 --> 01:18:50,400
and so on, and make sure that
she's comfortable with using

1680
01:18:50,400 --> 01:18:52,460
this system at her desk.

1681
01:18:52,460 --> 01:18:55,496
But one, it was kind of hard
for us to meet with her,

1682
01:18:55,496 --> 01:18:56,870
because every time
she was there,

1683
01:18:56,870 --> 01:18:59,860
she was always busy addressing
other residents' requests.

1684
01:18:59,860 --> 01:19:01,420
And secondly, she
actually ended up

1685
01:19:01,420 --> 01:19:04,440
leaving halfway through the
semester, so the feedback

1686
01:19:04,440 --> 01:19:08,830
that we had gotten from
her and was not necessarily

1687
01:19:08,830 --> 01:19:11,781
ported over to the next person
who's going to be there.

1688
01:19:11,781 --> 01:19:13,280
So working with
that and making sure

1689
01:19:13,280 --> 01:19:15,571
that whatever was going to
be used from the nurses side

1690
01:19:15,571 --> 01:19:19,070
would actually be used, even
though the residents would

1691
01:19:19,070 --> 01:19:21,604
be comfortable with the system,
it's not necessarily certain

1692
01:19:21,604 --> 01:19:23,270
that the nurse would
be able to do that.

1693
01:19:23,270 --> 01:19:25,590
So that was a bit of a hardship.

1694
01:19:28,240 --> 01:19:29,898
ROB MILLER: I'm
wondering how much--

1695
01:19:29,898 --> 01:19:31,854
you had a slide
about experiments,

1696
01:19:31,854 --> 01:19:34,299
and you had a slide about
[? results ?] [? from ?]

1697
01:19:34,299 --> 01:19:37,722
[? your ?] [? prototype. ?]
How much data was behind each

1698
01:19:37,722 --> 01:19:38,700
of those slides?

1699
01:19:38,700 --> 01:19:41,634
So when you were measuring eight
minutes as a response time,

1700
01:19:41,634 --> 01:19:43,101
how many trials was that?

1701
01:19:43,101 --> 01:19:45,057
[? When you were ?]
measuring her success

1702
01:19:45,057 --> 01:19:47,178
with the new system over
the course of the week.

1703
01:19:47,178 --> 01:19:48,969
How [? many tests ?]
[? did you actually ?]

1704
01:19:48,969 --> 01:19:49,960
[? get ?] [? there? ?]

1705
01:19:49,960 --> 01:19:51,501
BETH: So that's a
very good question,

1706
01:19:51,501 --> 01:19:54,000
and we're going to
answer honestly-- not

1707
01:19:54,000 --> 01:19:58,290
enough for a very good metric.

1708
01:19:58,290 --> 01:20:01,020
So honestly, we spent
an hour with her.

1709
01:20:01,020 --> 01:20:04,670
We did it maybe five times, and
that was kind of the average.

1710
01:20:04,670 --> 01:20:07,752
However, to have a really
good metric, we would--

1711
01:20:07,752 --> 01:20:09,960
ROB MILLER: Five times using
the old system you mean?

1712
01:20:09,960 --> 01:20:12,870
BETH: And five times
using the new system to

1713
01:20:12,870 --> 01:20:15,780
have some kind of a comparison.

1714
01:20:15,780 --> 01:20:18,820
But, of course, it's variable
throughout the course

1715
01:20:18,820 --> 01:20:23,220
of the week, and there are
many different variables

1716
01:20:23,220 --> 01:20:24,600
that would change that time.

1717
01:20:24,600 --> 01:20:27,830
So a more rigorous
amounts of metrics-- we

1718
01:20:27,830 --> 01:20:31,010
could write scripts
for our current system

1719
01:20:31,010 --> 01:20:34,450
to figure out how much
time is collapsing

1720
01:20:34,450 --> 01:20:37,234
between when the request is
sent and when it's processed.

1721
01:20:37,234 --> 01:20:38,650
And that's something
that we would

1722
01:20:38,650 --> 01:20:40,135
propose to do for future work.

1723
01:20:40,135 --> 01:20:41,551
ROB MILLER: She
had it for a week,

1724
01:20:41,551 --> 01:20:44,300
but it wasn't actually
logging the usage.

1725
01:20:44,300 --> 01:20:47,270
BETH: We have analyzed the
logging-- we haven't logged it,

1726
01:20:47,270 --> 01:20:49,876
and we haven't
analyzed it either.

1727
01:20:49,876 --> 01:20:52,000
PROFESSOR: Well, we'll Team
Beverly-Ann get set up.

1728
01:20:52,000 --> 01:20:53,458
I think it's
impressive what you've

1729
01:20:53,458 --> 01:20:55,359
done to build this
end-to-end system.

1730
01:20:55,359 --> 01:20:57,900
Can I ask a question-- it was
pretty early on in the semester

1731
01:20:57,900 --> 01:21:00,830
that you chose to go with
an all-software solution as

1732
01:21:00,830 --> 01:21:03,640
opposed to plugging in some
kind of wireless button

1733
01:21:03,640 --> 01:21:10,679
into the wall as
you might imagine

1734
01:21:10,679 --> 01:21:11,970
you might go in that direction.

1735
01:21:11,970 --> 01:21:13,660
Can you reflect a
little bit on that?

1736
01:21:13,660 --> 01:21:15,850
Do you think ultimately
it was the right decision?

1737
01:21:15,850 --> 01:21:17,530
Or when you made
that decision, did

1738
01:21:17,530 --> 01:21:20,860
you know what you're going down?

1739
01:21:20,860 --> 01:21:21,680
LAURA: Sure.

1740
01:21:21,680 --> 01:21:23,480
So all of us are
software people,

1741
01:21:23,480 --> 01:21:27,670
so that was partially an
initial reason for why

1742
01:21:27,670 --> 01:21:30,620
we wanted to go down this
route, but another reason

1743
01:21:30,620 --> 01:21:32,640
was just that we had
a lot of great ideas

1744
01:21:32,640 --> 01:21:35,540
for features that we wanted to
see in this app that wouldn't

1745
01:21:35,540 --> 01:21:38,601
be possible if we had chosen
to interface with the existing

1746
01:21:38,601 --> 01:21:39,100
system.

1747
01:21:39,100 --> 01:21:41,460
For example, this video
chat-- the concept

1748
01:21:41,460 --> 01:21:44,850
of sending custom
messages, maybe even being

1749
01:21:44,850 --> 01:21:48,450
able to receive feedback about
how far along in the process

1750
01:21:48,450 --> 01:21:50,590
their request is in
terms of being addressed.

1751
01:21:50,590 --> 01:21:54,650
So all of us are really happy
with the way it turned out.

1752
01:21:54,650 --> 01:21:57,760
Margaret was excited about
the concept of video chatting

1753
01:21:57,760 --> 01:22:01,120
and other residents that we've
tested this out on were also

1754
01:22:01,120 --> 01:22:04,990
happy with the ability to
send custom text messages,

1755
01:22:04,990 --> 01:22:07,590
so we think it worked out well.

1756
01:22:07,590 --> 01:22:09,596
[APPLAUSE]

1757
01:22:12,431 --> 01:22:14,430
PROFESSOR: Let's get Team
Beverly-Ann to set up.

1758
01:22:21,620 --> 01:22:22,660
VINNIE: Hi everyone.

1759
01:22:22,660 --> 01:22:23,890
We're team Beverly-Ann.

1760
01:22:23,890 --> 01:22:24,960
I'm Vinnie.

1761
01:22:24,960 --> 01:22:26,330
SHRUTI: I'm Shruti.

1762
01:22:26,330 --> 01:22:27,450
ROBERT: I'm Robert.

1763
01:22:27,450 --> 01:22:30,290
VINNIE: And this is
our final presentation.

1764
01:22:30,290 --> 01:22:32,830
Our client's name
is Beverly-Ann.

1765
01:22:32,830 --> 01:22:35,370
So she has a wide
variety of interests.

1766
01:22:35,370 --> 01:22:37,910
She's a social worker
for the Department

1767
01:22:37,910 --> 01:22:39,200
of Children and Families.

1768
01:22:39,200 --> 01:22:41,210
She's learning how
to code using Scratch

1769
01:22:41,210 --> 01:22:43,530
and Arduino in her spare time.

1770
01:22:43,530 --> 01:22:45,000
She loves Wii Tennis.

1771
01:22:45,000 --> 01:22:47,270
She has a backyard
garden, and her main goal

1772
01:22:47,270 --> 01:22:49,500
is to maintain an active mind.

1773
01:22:49,500 --> 01:22:51,900
And she's also been
diagnosed for 11 years

1774
01:22:51,900 --> 01:22:53,810
with the
Charcot-Marie-Tooth, which

1775
01:22:53,810 --> 01:22:58,880
is a neurodegenerative disease
that affects the extremities.

1776
01:22:58,880 --> 01:23:01,720
SHRUTI: So everyone's experience
with CMT is different,

1777
01:23:01,720 --> 01:23:03,590
and in the case
of Beverly-Ann it

1778
01:23:03,590 --> 01:23:07,200
mainly manifests in sensory
failure and muscular failure

1779
01:23:07,200 --> 01:23:08,860
in her hands.

1780
01:23:08,860 --> 01:23:11,470
So if you can see the diagrams
over there-- on the left hand,

1781
01:23:11,470 --> 01:23:13,610
on the blue areas are
completely functional,

1782
01:23:13,610 --> 01:23:17,210
but the green areas are
experiencing muscular failure,

1783
01:23:17,210 --> 01:23:18,490
and they tend to curl in.

1784
01:23:18,490 --> 01:23:21,090
So they don't open, and thus
they're very useless to her.

1785
01:23:21,090 --> 01:23:25,650
On her right hand the sort of
gray areas are areas where she

1786
01:23:25,650 --> 01:23:29,250
can feel really well, but the
red areas are areas where she

1787
01:23:29,250 --> 01:23:29,750
cannot.

1788
01:23:29,750 --> 01:23:30,720
She feels numbness.

1789
01:23:30,720 --> 01:23:34,560
And so she has trouble
gripping things as a result,

1790
01:23:34,560 --> 01:23:37,720
because she loses
feeling in that hand.

1791
01:23:37,720 --> 01:23:39,970
And so as there is not just
a really consciously think

1792
01:23:39,970 --> 01:23:41,900
about actions she
performs, and this

1793
01:23:41,900 --> 01:23:44,730
includes like picking up
and holding on to objects,

1794
01:23:44,730 --> 01:23:48,760
typing, and walking down
stairwells with railings.

1795
01:23:48,760 --> 01:23:50,810
And you'll see in
the next few slides

1796
01:23:50,810 --> 01:23:53,470
we chose to focus on the
problem with her right hand.

1797
01:23:56,490 --> 01:23:58,970
ROBERT: So the assistive
technology challenge over here

1798
01:23:58,970 --> 01:24:02,340
is that because Beverly-Ann
is so worried that she's

1799
01:24:02,340 --> 01:24:05,030
going to drop something
whenever she's grabbing it,

1800
01:24:05,030 --> 01:24:07,630
she becomes less confident
in grabbing objects

1801
01:24:07,630 --> 01:24:09,380
with just one hand.

1802
01:24:09,380 --> 01:24:12,720
And here we are trying to
reinstall her confidence

1803
01:24:12,720 --> 01:24:15,660
in grabbing objects
with her right hand

1804
01:24:15,660 --> 01:24:19,837
by notifying her whenever
her grip is becoming loose.

1805
01:24:23,250 --> 01:24:25,930
And to design our
product, we put them

1806
01:24:25,930 --> 01:24:28,920
into three stages of prototypes.

1807
01:24:28,920 --> 01:24:32,700
And so, Shruti
talked about before,

1808
01:24:32,700 --> 01:24:35,560
we focused on the problem
with her right hand,

1809
01:24:35,560 --> 01:24:39,030
because she normally uses her
right hand to grab objects.

1810
01:24:39,030 --> 01:24:42,020
And very early on,
we decided that we

1811
01:24:42,020 --> 01:24:43,780
want to quantify
her grip pressure

1812
01:24:43,780 --> 01:24:47,630
and then notify her whenever
her grip is becoming loose.

1813
01:24:47,630 --> 01:24:52,590
So these are the early-stage
brainstorming ideas

1814
01:24:52,590 --> 01:24:55,420
we had, and we were
focusing on exploring

1815
01:24:55,420 --> 01:24:58,980
different choices of where to
put the pressure sensors as

1816
01:24:58,980 --> 01:25:00,820
well as the circuit boards.

1817
01:25:00,820 --> 01:25:05,076
So the left part shows that
we put in the pressure sensor

1818
01:25:05,076 --> 01:25:08,391
on the upper palm, whereas
the right part showing

1819
01:25:08,391 --> 01:25:09,890
another idea of
putting the pressure

1820
01:25:09,890 --> 01:25:11,310
sensor on her fingertips.

1821
01:25:11,310 --> 01:25:15,750
And then later on, we
followed the second idea.

1822
01:25:15,750 --> 01:25:18,470
So this is our
prototype stage one,

1823
01:25:18,470 --> 01:25:21,730
and it's a low-fidelity
nonfunctional prototype.

1824
01:25:21,730 --> 01:25:25,510
And we were exploring
multiple designs for this

1825
01:25:25,510 --> 01:25:29,170
[? look-a-like ?] prototype by
asking Beverly-Ann to try out

1826
01:25:29,170 --> 01:25:31,740
different versions and then
see which one feels the most

1827
01:25:31,740 --> 01:25:32,420
comfortable.

1828
01:25:32,420 --> 01:25:34,700
And then this upper
part are the pictures

1829
01:25:34,700 --> 01:25:41,050
that are for the minimalistic
design for the gloves.

1830
01:25:41,050 --> 01:25:45,860
That's the stage one prototype.

1831
01:25:45,860 --> 01:25:47,370
For the stage two
prototype, we were

1832
01:25:47,370 --> 01:25:49,820
mostly interested in
making a functional design,

1833
01:25:49,820 --> 01:25:52,600
so basically fulfilling
our goal of being

1834
01:25:52,600 --> 01:25:55,060
able to notify her-- one,
she gripping something

1835
01:25:55,060 --> 01:25:55,970
and it's slipping.

1836
01:25:55,970 --> 01:26:00,120
So we constructed a
circuit on a breadboard,

1837
01:26:00,120 --> 01:26:02,110
and we hooked it
up to an Arduino,

1838
01:26:02,110 --> 01:26:04,960
and then we coded--
we uploaded code

1839
01:26:04,960 --> 01:26:09,040
to the Arduino that would cause
a vibration motor to vibrate

1840
01:26:09,040 --> 01:26:14,000
whenever the sensors that are
also hooked up to the circuit

1841
01:26:14,000 --> 01:26:16,030
sense that you're
gripping the object,

1842
01:26:16,030 --> 01:26:18,970
and then it's released
past a certain threshold.

1843
01:26:18,970 --> 01:26:22,270
And we actually tested
this with Beverly-Ann,

1844
01:26:22,270 --> 01:26:26,245
and she really liked how
loud the vibration motor was

1845
01:26:26,245 --> 01:26:28,960
and how strong it was, and
she mentioned that it actually

1846
01:26:28,960 --> 01:26:30,960
helped her consciously
remember like, oh, I need

1847
01:26:30,960 --> 01:26:33,970
to re-grip and grip stronger.

1848
01:26:33,970 --> 01:26:37,480
And she actually also really
liked the material of the glove

1849
01:26:37,480 --> 01:26:40,200
that we used, and
she asked us not

1850
01:26:40,200 --> 01:26:42,690
to cut it like how we did
for our first prototype.

1851
01:26:42,690 --> 01:26:45,260
And is also pretty easy
to grip with the material

1852
01:26:45,260 --> 01:26:49,210
that we were using and
mostly we used this prototype

1853
01:26:49,210 --> 01:26:51,310
to test the range
of sensor values

1854
01:26:51,310 --> 01:26:54,480
that output when she grabbed
different types of objects,

1855
01:26:54,480 --> 01:26:57,000
for example a cup, or
a mug, or utensils,

1856
01:26:57,000 --> 01:26:59,705
and they actually turned out
to be around a similar range.

1857
01:27:02,560 --> 01:27:05,089
SHRUTI: So the main problem
with the previous prototype

1858
01:27:05,089 --> 01:27:06,880
was that it wasn't
portable because we have

1859
01:27:06,880 --> 01:27:08,350
to plug it into the computer.

1860
01:27:08,350 --> 01:27:11,840
So the final prototype which
is actually on my arm right now

1861
01:27:11,840 --> 01:27:13,840
is both functional and portable.

1862
01:27:13,840 --> 01:27:18,070
So the idea is that we
printed a circuit board

1863
01:27:18,070 --> 01:27:20,280
to do what our breadboard
was originally doing,

1864
01:27:20,280 --> 01:27:22,670
but that breadboard
was way too heavy.

1865
01:27:22,670 --> 01:27:25,660
So we got one custom
made, and that's here.

1866
01:27:25,660 --> 01:27:28,240
And then on the back, we
have an Arduino lily pad,

1867
01:27:28,240 --> 01:27:31,210
which is a lighter
version of an Arduino,

1868
01:27:31,210 --> 01:27:35,000
and it provides the code and
the power supply to the circuit.

1869
01:27:35,000 --> 01:27:36,940
We have sensors
attached to the gloves,

1870
01:27:36,940 --> 01:27:38,680
and then we have an arm band.

1871
01:27:38,680 --> 01:27:40,990
We discussed with
her a lot how she

1872
01:27:40,990 --> 01:27:43,320
wanted to carry
this device around,

1873
01:27:43,320 --> 01:27:46,150
and her main
constraint was that she

1874
01:27:46,150 --> 01:27:49,289
wanted it to be light,
but not on her upper arm

1875
01:27:49,289 --> 01:27:50,830
or too close to her
wrist-- somewhere

1876
01:27:50,830 --> 01:27:52,220
where it would be stable.

1877
01:27:52,220 --> 01:27:55,310
And so we chose to make an
arm band right around here,

1878
01:27:55,310 --> 01:27:56,620
so that it would be portable.

1879
01:27:56,620 --> 01:27:59,680
And the vibration motor
is sewn into the arm band,

1880
01:27:59,680 --> 01:28:02,930
so that if I were to
turn the switch on

1881
01:28:02,930 --> 01:28:05,110
to start it so that we
don't waste battery life,

1882
01:28:05,110 --> 01:28:09,594
and squeeze it, and then let
go, I can feel the vibration,

1883
01:28:09,594 --> 01:28:11,260
even though you can't
hear it, so that's

1884
01:28:11,260 --> 01:28:14,860
not disruptive to
other people around.

1885
01:28:14,860 --> 01:28:17,120
And the other thing
that we made sure to do

1886
01:28:17,120 --> 01:28:19,450
was that our power
supply is pretty light.

1887
01:28:19,450 --> 01:28:21,840
It's only one AAA
battery, and because it's

1888
01:28:21,840 --> 01:28:25,400
like a standard AAA battery,
she can replace it whenever

1889
01:28:25,400 --> 01:28:26,560
it goes out of battery.

1890
01:28:26,560 --> 01:28:28,903
So we don't have to worry
about prolonging its lifespan.

1891
01:28:34,110 --> 01:28:35,990
ROBERT: So for
experimentation, we mostly

1892
01:28:35,990 --> 01:28:38,190
did with our stage
two prototype, when

1893
01:28:38,190 --> 01:28:39,810
we met up with Beverly-Ann.

1894
01:28:39,810 --> 01:28:41,700
So we focused on two things.

1895
01:28:41,700 --> 01:28:44,860
The first thing is test
whether the prototype

1896
01:28:44,860 --> 01:28:46,720
is working as we
expected, in terms

1897
01:28:46,720 --> 01:28:49,230
of notifying Beverly-Ann
whenever her grip

1898
01:28:49,230 --> 01:28:53,280
pressure becomes loose, and
also to see whether it actually

1899
01:28:53,280 --> 01:28:57,360
decreases the time when
she drops the objects.

1900
01:28:57,360 --> 01:28:59,100
And also, the second
thing we focused on,

1901
01:28:59,100 --> 01:29:03,040
is to compare two cases-- one
is when she wears the glove.

1902
01:29:03,040 --> 01:29:05,310
And then the other
case when she does not

1903
01:29:05,310 --> 01:29:08,740
wear the glove in
terms of when would you

1904
01:29:08,740 --> 01:29:11,100
grips different types
of objects, including

1905
01:29:11,100 --> 01:29:12,680
a cup, phone, plate, and a fork.

1906
01:29:12,680 --> 01:29:17,665
And record different
holding times

1907
01:29:17,665 --> 01:29:22,650
in the case when she grabs
various objects, both

1908
01:29:22,650 --> 01:29:26,034
when she wears the glove and the
when does not wear the glove.

1909
01:29:29,410 --> 01:29:33,040
SHRUTI: So we took a lot of data
in the beginning, especially

1910
01:29:33,040 --> 01:29:35,630
when we had to make
our second prototype,

1911
01:29:35,630 --> 01:29:39,000
to figure out how
to sort of adjust

1912
01:29:39,000 --> 01:29:41,880
the code so that it would
work for her range of however

1913
01:29:41,880 --> 01:29:42,840
she would grip.

1914
01:29:42,840 --> 01:29:44,450
And so, if you
can see here, this

1915
01:29:44,450 --> 01:29:46,960
is like an example of the
kind of data we had to get.

1916
01:29:46,960 --> 01:29:49,080
A lot of it is just
voltage readings,

1917
01:29:49,080 --> 01:29:52,220
but the key voltage
values here are

1918
01:29:52,220 --> 01:29:56,090
what voltage do we see when she
drops-- or she's about to drop

1919
01:29:56,090 --> 01:29:57,380
the object that she's holding.

1920
01:29:57,380 --> 01:29:59,850
And what finger are we
reading this value from.

1921
01:29:59,850 --> 01:30:02,710
And so based on that, we
were able to figure out

1922
01:30:02,710 --> 01:30:04,220
how to tune the
code to accommodate

1923
01:30:04,220 --> 01:30:06,280
for all of her fingers.

1924
01:30:06,280 --> 01:30:09,020
We were also able to get time.

1925
01:30:09,020 --> 01:30:10,560
So the time in the
very last column

1926
01:30:10,560 --> 01:30:13,720
is approximately how
long she is holding it

1927
01:30:13,720 --> 01:30:15,740
before she either
unconsciously slips

1928
01:30:15,740 --> 01:30:17,640
it, or needs to put it down.

1929
01:30:17,640 --> 01:30:20,390
And we actually saw
just between not

1930
01:30:20,390 --> 01:30:22,720
having a prototype versus
having that second prototype,

1931
01:30:22,720 --> 01:30:28,010
a noticeable increase in the
amount of time, by about 50%.

1932
01:30:28,010 --> 01:30:30,530
Unfortunately since our
prototype only recently

1933
01:30:30,530 --> 01:30:33,390
became portable, we weren't
able to give it to her

1934
01:30:33,390 --> 01:30:35,150
for a long period of time.

1935
01:30:35,150 --> 01:30:38,890
And so we'd like to measure her
drop rate over about a week,

1936
01:30:38,890 --> 01:30:41,580
and then see, after she's
gone accustomed to the device,

1937
01:30:41,580 --> 01:30:45,030
whether the time it takes for
her to drop it is longer now,

1938
01:30:45,030 --> 01:30:47,079
instead of what it was before.

1939
01:30:47,079 --> 01:30:49,370
And that's what we'll be
doing over the next few weeks.

1940
01:30:52,425 --> 01:30:54,300
VINNIE: Here are a couple
reflections that we

1941
01:30:54,300 --> 01:30:55,890
had on the design process.

1942
01:30:55,890 --> 01:30:58,600
So one thing, especially,
is that simplicity is key.

1943
01:30:58,600 --> 01:31:01,490
I know this is something
very emphasized in the class,

1944
01:31:01,490 --> 01:31:03,500
and that's very true.

1945
01:31:03,500 --> 01:31:06,170
Another thing is that, in
order to design something

1946
01:31:06,170 --> 01:31:09,232
that your client can
use in real life,

1947
01:31:09,232 --> 01:31:11,190
it's very important to
have multiple prototypes

1948
01:31:11,190 --> 01:31:14,230
and to be able to deal with
any technical difficulties

1949
01:31:14,230 --> 01:31:16,980
that you have, that come
up with the process.

1950
01:31:16,980 --> 01:31:18,860
And, of course, you
always have to listen

1951
01:31:18,860 --> 01:31:21,190
to who you're working
with, because you're

1952
01:31:21,190 --> 01:31:26,100
a partner and a team, it's
not a customer/company sort

1953
01:31:26,100 --> 01:31:28,140
of relationship.

1954
01:31:28,140 --> 01:31:31,600
And some reflections on
6.811 PPAT-- we were all

1955
01:31:31,600 --> 01:31:33,690
really glad we took the class.

1956
01:31:33,690 --> 01:31:37,320
We kind of wish we had other
ways to educate ourselves

1957
01:31:37,320 --> 01:31:39,397
through about
disabilities beforehand,

1958
01:31:39,397 --> 01:31:41,730
but we're really glad this
class give us the opportunity

1959
01:31:41,730 --> 01:31:42,790
to explore that.

1960
01:31:42,790 --> 01:31:45,207
And I'm just going to leave
you guys with this one quote--

1961
01:31:45,207 --> 01:31:47,123
"If there's one thing
that PPAT has taught me,

1962
01:31:47,123 --> 01:31:49,180
it's that a disability
isn't a good enough reason

1963
01:31:49,180 --> 01:31:50,910
to stop doing anything."

1964
01:31:50,910 --> 01:31:52,460
Thanks, and we'll
take questions.

1965
01:31:52,460 --> 01:31:54,945
[APPLAUSE]

1966
01:31:56,933 --> 01:31:59,418
PROFESSOR: Team Art can get
set up while we take questions.

1967
01:32:02,400 --> 01:32:07,370
GUEST SPEAKER: Is the
[INAUDIBLE] design--

1968
01:32:07,370 --> 01:32:12,340
is that something she'll have
to [INAUDIBLE] wearing and using

1969
01:32:12,340 --> 01:32:14,825
[? based ?] [? on her ?]
[? lifestyle ?] and where

1970
01:32:14,825 --> 01:32:18,304
the wires are out and there.

1971
01:32:18,304 --> 01:32:21,690
Are there any ideas
for casing it?

1972
01:32:21,690 --> 01:32:25,130
SHRUTI: So in terms of actually
being able to slip it on,

1973
01:32:25,130 --> 01:32:26,760
we found that that's
relatively easy.

1974
01:32:26,760 --> 01:32:28,890
And in terms of body
placement, we checked with her

1975
01:32:28,890 --> 01:32:30,610
to make sure that was OK.

1976
01:32:30,610 --> 01:32:32,480
The wires are honestly
our biggest problem

1977
01:32:32,480 --> 01:32:34,846
right now, because
they stick out,

1978
01:32:34,846 --> 01:32:36,470
and if they get caught
on to something,

1979
01:32:36,470 --> 01:32:38,910
that could be really
dangerous and could rip apart

1980
01:32:38,910 --> 01:32:39,840
the circuitry.

1981
01:32:39,840 --> 01:32:43,010
So along with giving
her the prototype

1982
01:32:43,010 --> 01:32:45,720
to see how it works for
her out in the field

1983
01:32:45,720 --> 01:32:47,240
for like the next
few weeks, we're

1984
01:32:47,240 --> 01:32:51,260
also going to talk about how
to cover all of the circuitry

1985
01:32:51,260 --> 01:32:52,650
so that it doesn't stick out.

1986
01:32:52,650 --> 01:32:57,190
And we have like cloth
and other materials

1987
01:32:57,190 --> 01:32:59,905
ready to like start sort of
making this more compact.

1988
01:33:02,695 --> 01:33:07,080
AUDIENCE: Have you thought
about using conductive thread?

1989
01:33:07,080 --> 01:33:08,260
SHRUTI: So we did.

1990
01:33:08,260 --> 01:33:15,520
The only issue was that the
board that we were using

1991
01:33:15,520 --> 01:33:20,910
required some components
that would require wires

1992
01:33:20,910 --> 01:33:24,120
anyways, and so, as
a result-- and plus,

1993
01:33:24,120 --> 01:33:26,840
actually connecting to the
glove would have definitely

1994
01:33:26,840 --> 01:33:30,280
required wires, because
there's like a gap in cloth

1995
01:33:30,280 --> 01:33:35,310
here that she wanted to have
a watch or bangles and such.

1996
01:33:35,310 --> 01:33:37,610
So we needed to
use wires anyways,

1997
01:33:37,610 --> 01:33:40,630
so we figured that
we might as well go

1998
01:33:40,630 --> 01:33:41,840
the whole way with wires.

1999
01:33:41,840 --> 01:33:43,998
And this way, we can
modify stuff easier.

2000
01:33:43,998 --> 01:33:45,706
[? VINNIE: The only thing ?]
[? placed ?]

2001
01:33:45,706 --> 01:33:48,657
[? in the lilypad ?] though is
that that's actually the one

2002
01:33:48,657 --> 01:33:49,698
she's working on herself.

2003
01:33:49,698 --> 01:33:51,195
Like she's [INAUDIBLE].

2004
01:33:56,890 --> 01:33:58,181
AUDIENCE: Can I ask a question?

2005
01:33:58,181 --> 01:33:59,179
PROFESSOR: Yeah sure.

2006
01:33:59,179 --> 01:34:01,674
AUDIENCE: My last
question is actually--

2007
01:34:01,674 --> 01:34:03,670
so it seems like the
big thing for her

2008
01:34:03,670 --> 01:34:05,915
is that she needs
to remember that she

2009
01:34:05,915 --> 01:34:07,662
is trying to grip something.

2010
01:34:07,662 --> 01:34:10,157
And I wonder how much of
that reminder is simply

2011
01:34:10,157 --> 01:34:12,652
from wearing
something on her hand,

2012
01:34:12,652 --> 01:34:15,437
because it's kind of bulky, and
so it's kind of like, oh yeah,

2013
01:34:15,437 --> 01:34:16,145
I'm wearing this.

2014
01:34:16,145 --> 01:34:19,638
All right, I [INAUDIBLE].

2015
01:34:19,638 --> 01:34:22,160
And [? that's ?] [? it. ?]
[? Will you ?] [? have ?]

2016
01:34:22,160 --> 01:34:24,488
[? to vibrate ?] only
when she's about to drop

2017
01:34:24,488 --> 01:34:26,464
or if it's everything
that's [INAUDIBLE].

2018
01:34:26,464 --> 01:34:28,934
If it's vibrating the entire
time she's holding something,

2019
01:34:28,934 --> 01:34:34,880
is that enough of a reminder
to prevent her from dropping?

2020
01:34:34,880 --> 01:34:37,040
VINNIE: So I'm not
really sure, because when

2021
01:34:37,040 --> 01:34:40,110
we were talking to her, and
she was focusing on it--

2022
01:34:40,110 --> 01:34:41,790
so when she had the
glove, we ended up

2023
01:34:41,790 --> 01:34:44,540
having to just ask her questions
so her mind would be distracted

2024
01:34:44,540 --> 01:34:45,040
off of it.

2025
01:34:45,040 --> 01:34:47,770
So I think if it's a
continuous vibration,

2026
01:34:47,770 --> 01:34:50,572
she might get
habituated to it and not

2027
01:34:50,572 --> 01:34:52,780
recognize it as something
that she has to respond to.

2028
01:34:52,780 --> 01:34:55,480
SHRUTI: That was that was our
main concern-- that if we just

2029
01:34:55,480 --> 01:34:59,550
had some sort of static device,
that she would get used to it,

2030
01:34:59,550 --> 01:35:02,010
and then start ignoring it.

2031
01:35:02,010 --> 01:35:04,500
But when we did
the data analysis,

2032
01:35:04,500 --> 01:35:07,659
we made sure that as soon
as her grip starts to slip--

2033
01:35:07,659 --> 01:35:09,700
and we worked on this
really carefully with her--

2034
01:35:09,700 --> 01:35:10,840
it would buzz immediately.

2035
01:35:10,840 --> 01:35:13,720
And she really felt
that it notified her

2036
01:35:13,720 --> 01:35:16,810
as soon as she was in any
danger of dropping something.

2037
01:35:16,810 --> 01:35:18,580
So she was like,
this is much better

2038
01:35:18,580 --> 01:35:20,910
than having some sort
of consistent reminder.

2039
01:35:20,910 --> 01:35:24,150
ROBERT: Also, I feel like it's
not really about her forgot

2040
01:35:24,150 --> 01:35:26,012
about she is
grabbing something--

2041
01:35:26,012 --> 01:35:27,470
she knows she's
grabbing something,

2042
01:35:27,470 --> 01:35:28,928
but it's just
gradually, over time,

2043
01:35:28,928 --> 01:35:31,120
she's not sure how much
force she is exerting,

2044
01:35:31,120 --> 01:35:34,070
because she cannot
feel her fingers.

2045
01:35:34,070 --> 01:35:36,830
So because of that, she
generally loses confidence

2046
01:35:36,830 --> 01:35:40,320
in grabbing things, just
because of the fear of she

2047
01:35:40,320 --> 01:35:40,960
might drop it.

2048
01:35:40,960 --> 01:35:43,160
So it's really more
about telling her

2049
01:35:43,160 --> 01:35:45,280
that you won't drop
it, and just be

2050
01:35:45,280 --> 01:35:47,180
confident with grabbing things.

2051
01:35:47,180 --> 01:35:50,670
And then whenever you are about
to drop it, we will notify you.

2052
01:35:50,670 --> 01:35:53,260
So having that
confidence really puts it

2053
01:35:53,260 --> 01:35:55,100
back into a normal
condition-- we're

2054
01:35:55,100 --> 01:36:00,517
giving her the capability of
grabbing things with one hand.

2055
01:36:00,517 --> 01:36:01,100
PROFESSOR: OK.

2056
01:36:01,100 --> 01:36:01,933
Thank you very much.

2057
01:36:09,140 --> 01:36:10,250
RACHEL: Hi everyone.

2058
01:36:10,250 --> 01:36:10,970
I'm Rachel.

2059
01:36:10,970 --> 01:36:12,980
This is Jessica, and
this is Stephanie.

2060
01:36:12,980 --> 01:36:15,196
We're Team Art, and
we're here to talk to you

2061
01:36:15,196 --> 01:36:17,570
about the vertical screw lift
that we spent this semester

2062
01:36:17,570 --> 01:36:20,420
designing and building.

2063
01:36:20,420 --> 01:36:22,080
First we'd like you
to meet Art, who's

2064
01:36:22,080 --> 01:36:23,163
actually right over there.

2065
01:36:23,163 --> 01:36:25,910
We are really happy he
was able to come today.

2066
01:36:25,910 --> 01:36:28,250
He is an avid
hacker, rock climber,

2067
01:36:28,250 --> 01:36:29,790
and member of his
community, which

2068
01:36:29,790 --> 01:36:32,450
is the town of Billerica,
Massachusetts, where

2069
01:36:32,450 --> 01:36:34,000
he lives with his girlfriend.

2070
01:36:34,000 --> 01:36:36,490
He is a very active,
gets himself around,

2071
01:36:36,490 --> 01:36:39,210
is very independent,
and wanted to be

2072
01:36:39,210 --> 01:36:43,352
able to take
advantage-- he works

2073
01:36:43,352 --> 01:36:44,810
a lot with mechanical
tools, and he

2074
01:36:44,810 --> 01:36:47,470
wanted to be able to get in
and out of his wheelchair

2075
01:36:47,470 --> 01:36:48,490
onto the floor.

2076
01:36:48,490 --> 01:36:52,550
He's in a chair because he has
T5 Asia B Paraplegia, and that

2077
01:36:52,550 --> 01:36:54,710
means he has no motor
function and limited

2078
01:36:54,710 --> 01:36:58,800
sensory function below the
legs-- below the waist, sorry.

2079
01:36:58,800 --> 01:37:01,910
He has a hacker space at the
Artisan's Asylum in Somerville,

2080
01:37:01,910 --> 01:37:05,560
and this is where we spent most
of our time meeting with him.

2081
01:37:05,560 --> 01:37:08,930
So, as I just said, our
goal was to design a lift

2082
01:37:08,930 --> 01:37:11,360
to help Art move up
and down from the floor

2083
01:37:11,360 --> 01:37:12,410
in multiple settings.

2084
01:37:12,410 --> 01:37:15,420
So the idea was he would be
able to use it at his home,

2085
01:37:15,420 --> 01:37:18,240
or at the Artisan's
Asylum, or maybe

2086
01:37:18,240 --> 01:37:21,370
bring it into his car to take
it wherever he might be going.

2087
01:37:21,370 --> 01:37:23,210
And we had a couple
of design goals

2088
01:37:23,210 --> 01:37:26,090
with this-- we wanted a
clearance height of four inches

2089
01:37:26,090 --> 01:37:26,940
or less.

2090
01:37:26,940 --> 01:37:30,920
We wanted it to be able to lift
Art in less than 45 seconds,

2091
01:37:30,920 --> 01:37:33,190
because existing
devices like pull swings

2092
01:37:33,190 --> 01:37:34,740
tend to be very slow.

2093
01:37:34,740 --> 01:37:37,630
And we wanted it to weigh
less than 20 pounds which

2094
01:37:37,630 --> 01:37:39,860
is what his girlfriend
is capable of lifting,

2095
01:37:39,860 --> 01:37:43,410
but lift up to 300.

2096
01:37:43,410 --> 01:37:45,905
The bottom line though, really
the most important thing

2097
01:37:45,905 --> 01:37:47,780
in all of this, was that
we wanted our design

2098
01:37:47,780 --> 01:37:50,620
to be portable, and we
wanted it to be safe to use.

2099
01:37:50,620 --> 01:37:52,370
And with a mechanical
device like this,

2100
01:37:52,370 --> 01:37:55,490
this is surprisingly
difficult to accomplish.

2101
01:37:55,490 --> 01:37:58,070
So I wanted to walk you all
through the sorts of designs

2102
01:37:58,070 --> 01:38:01,100
we were considering
while we were doing this.

2103
01:38:01,100 --> 01:38:03,256
The first thing we
talked about as a team

2104
01:38:03,256 --> 01:38:05,755
was this scissor lift design,
which is used quite frequently

2105
01:38:05,755 --> 01:38:07,200
in industrial settings.

2106
01:38:07,200 --> 01:38:10,700
It's what you might see on one
of those like cherry picker

2107
01:38:10,700 --> 01:38:13,600
things that the
telephone guy uses.

2108
01:38:13,600 --> 01:38:17,280
But they're very complicated
pieces of machinery, actually,

2109
01:38:17,280 --> 01:38:20,820
and the actuators and hinges
are very expensive for them.

2110
01:38:20,820 --> 01:38:23,710
So we decided this
is not a good option.

2111
01:38:23,710 --> 01:38:27,410
Next we thought about a
sort of out-there solution--

2112
01:38:27,410 --> 01:38:30,460
the idea of using
a lifting cushion.

2113
01:38:30,460 --> 01:38:32,860
But these, we realized
after talking to Art,

2114
01:38:32,860 --> 01:38:34,720
would present us with
stability problems--

2115
01:38:34,720 --> 01:38:36,820
if we wanted variable
height, which

2116
01:38:36,820 --> 01:38:39,480
we do he might want to
transfer to a 12-inch surface

2117
01:38:39,480 --> 01:38:41,540
or an eight-inch surface,
or maybe to something

2118
01:38:41,540 --> 01:38:43,240
higher than his chair even.

2119
01:38:43,240 --> 01:38:44,840
If it was only
partially inflated,

2120
01:38:44,840 --> 01:38:47,120
transferring on and
off of the cushions

2121
01:38:47,120 --> 01:38:50,380
would be a huge problem.

2122
01:38:50,380 --> 01:38:54,230
So we started talking about
using this tripod design, which

2123
01:38:54,230 --> 01:38:58,290
would be very stable, and had
fewer parts than the scissor

2124
01:38:58,290 --> 01:39:00,880
jack, we thought.

2125
01:39:00,880 --> 01:39:02,870
But the more we talked
about it, the more

2126
01:39:02,870 --> 01:39:05,878
we realized that the pulley
that we had designed,

2127
01:39:05,878 --> 01:39:08,130
like right here-- that
pulls the seat up and down

2128
01:39:08,130 --> 01:39:11,400
wasn't going to provide a safety
for Art when the motor was off.

2129
01:39:11,400 --> 01:39:14,300
So the seat would be in
danger of sliding up and down.

2130
01:39:14,300 --> 01:39:17,420
And so we'd have to install some
sort of manual break or chain

2131
01:39:17,420 --> 01:39:19,976
mechanism, and we
thought long and hard

2132
01:39:19,976 --> 01:39:21,600
about how to implement
this and decided

2133
01:39:21,600 --> 01:39:25,760
we weren't sure how to do it,
so we needed another idea.

2134
01:39:25,760 --> 01:39:28,080
And those of you who were
able to join us last time

2135
01:39:28,080 --> 01:39:30,538
will remember that we brought
in this cute little prototype

2136
01:39:30,538 --> 01:39:32,970
about this big that
had a screw built

2137
01:39:32,970 --> 01:39:36,870
into it, which basically-- you
turn the screw and the seat

2138
01:39:36,870 --> 01:39:38,120
goes up or the seat goes down.

2139
01:39:38,120 --> 01:39:39,260
And the thing that's
really wonderful

2140
01:39:39,260 --> 01:39:41,200
that this is that even
when the motor's off,

2141
01:39:41,200 --> 01:39:43,786
the seat doesn't move
vertically at all.

2142
01:39:43,786 --> 01:39:46,263
It's quite stationary.

2143
01:39:46,263 --> 01:39:50,064
It's very stationary,
even on our big design.

2144
01:39:52,940 --> 01:39:56,170
So we can go to the next slide.

2145
01:39:56,170 --> 01:39:58,510
STEPHANIE: So we
will be showing you

2146
01:39:58,510 --> 01:40:01,208
our product and our functions.

2147
01:40:01,208 --> 01:40:03,360
So currently what
Rachel is doing

2148
01:40:03,360 --> 01:40:07,902
is connecting a few 24-volt
batteries through Anderson

2149
01:40:07,902 --> 01:40:10,890
plugs to our motor,
which was provided by Don

2150
01:40:10,890 --> 01:40:12,585
Fredette of The Boston Home.

2151
01:40:12,585 --> 01:40:16,545
It's been critically useful.

2152
01:40:16,545 --> 01:40:22,485
So as you can see, because
that's a bi-directional switch,

2153
01:40:22,485 --> 01:40:25,620
we have the capability
of having the motors turn

2154
01:40:25,620 --> 01:40:27,930
to different directions,
so we can essentially

2155
01:40:27,930 --> 01:40:32,880
move the seat up-- Yes, thanks.

2156
01:40:36,370 --> 01:40:38,560
As you can see, it
functions perfectly fine.

2157
01:40:42,170 --> 01:40:45,350
So what exactly is this
contraption made of?

2158
01:40:45,350 --> 01:40:47,720
Well, the frame is
actually made up

2159
01:40:47,720 --> 01:40:49,770
of a bunch of
80-20 aluminum rods

2160
01:40:49,770 --> 01:40:52,300
that we actually scrounged
from an abandoned

2161
01:40:52,300 --> 01:40:54,290
laser in the physics lab.

2162
01:40:54,290 --> 01:40:57,880
So the entire frame
would probably

2163
01:40:57,880 --> 01:41:02,120
cost you $200 to maybe $400
if we purchased directly

2164
01:41:02,120 --> 01:41:06,160
from the 80-20 site, so
we got really lucky there.

2165
01:41:06,160 --> 01:41:08,350
The lifting mechanism
is actually--

2166
01:41:08,350 --> 01:41:13,570
it's essentially a Acme rod
that we-- a threaded Acme rod

2167
01:41:13,570 --> 01:41:15,600
that we purchased ourselves.

2168
01:41:15,600 --> 01:41:18,620
And this is the life-size
version of the tiny screw

2169
01:41:18,620 --> 01:41:23,470
that you guys saw in the
previous balsa wood tiny model.

2170
01:41:23,470 --> 01:41:26,920
And we were able to obtain that
motor that's turning the Acme

2171
01:41:26,920 --> 01:41:29,960
rod and these batteries
from again Don

2172
01:41:29,960 --> 01:41:32,140
Fredette from The Boston Home.

2173
01:41:32,140 --> 01:41:36,430
The seat is made of
aluminum, and it was actually

2174
01:41:36,430 --> 01:41:40,230
water jetted by someone from
the course three department.

2175
01:41:40,230 --> 01:41:43,380
It weighs approximately
8 to 10 pounds,

2176
01:41:43,380 --> 01:41:47,380
so it bears a decent
bulk of the weight.

2177
01:41:47,380 --> 01:41:51,680
And there is a lot of connective
hardware in our device.

2178
01:41:51,680 --> 01:41:54,720
To actually interface the
motor with the Acme rob,

2179
01:41:54,720 --> 01:41:59,080
we had to purchase a few
sprockets and a chain

2180
01:41:59,080 --> 01:42:03,010
in order to actually
have the motor actuate

2181
01:42:03,010 --> 01:42:05,770
the spinning motion
of the rod itself.

2182
01:42:05,770 --> 01:42:09,410
And we had to purchase several
flanges, flange bearings,

2183
01:42:09,410 --> 01:42:12,410
and thrust bearings in
order to reduce friction

2184
01:42:12,410 --> 01:42:15,980
between the Acme rod
and the 80-20 frame

2185
01:42:15,980 --> 01:42:18,770
itself, as well as
actually connect

2186
01:42:18,770 --> 01:42:21,955
the Acme rod to the seat.

2187
01:42:21,955 --> 01:42:26,050
So as Rachel mentioned
before, our desired features

2188
01:42:26,050 --> 01:42:31,020
involve preferably
moving Art up and down

2189
01:42:31,020 --> 01:42:36,540
about 22 to 24 inches
in less than 45 seconds.

2190
01:42:36,540 --> 01:42:40,150
We would like a clearance
distance of four inches,

2191
01:42:40,150 --> 01:42:44,540
and we wanted the device to
weigh less than 20 pounds.

2192
01:42:44,540 --> 01:42:48,890
Currently, our device
lifts and lowers

2193
01:42:48,890 --> 01:42:51,750
a complete length in
approximately 30 seconds,

2194
01:42:51,750 --> 01:42:54,100
so we definitely met
the first feature.

2195
01:42:54,100 --> 01:42:56,230
We also met the second
feature in the sense

2196
01:42:56,230 --> 01:42:59,330
that we have a clearance
distance of four inches.

2197
01:42:59,330 --> 01:43:01,730
Unfortunately, we
were unable to make

2198
01:43:01,730 --> 01:43:04,600
this apparatus weigh
less 15 pounds,

2199
01:43:04,600 --> 01:43:06,200
because it weighs 30 pounds.

2200
01:43:06,200 --> 01:43:10,110
And that can be attributed
to the really, really

2201
01:43:10,110 --> 01:43:12,230
heavy aluminum frames.

2202
01:43:12,230 --> 01:43:14,770
And currently, it
actually does not

2203
01:43:14,770 --> 01:43:18,260
lift weight, because
the motor does not

2204
01:43:18,260 --> 01:43:20,410
provide enough torque
to actually lift

2205
01:43:20,410 --> 01:43:22,440
a significant amount of weight.

2206
01:43:28,260 --> 01:43:31,734
JESSICA: So we got pretty
close with this design,

2207
01:43:31,734 --> 01:43:33,650
but there are still a
few improvements that we

2208
01:43:33,650 --> 01:43:35,540
would have liked to make.

2209
01:43:35,540 --> 01:43:39,470
First and foremost, we
need higher torque motor.

2210
01:43:39,470 --> 01:43:41,380
Our current motor does
not have enough torque

2211
01:43:41,380 --> 01:43:44,977
to actually lift
weight and that's

2212
01:43:44,977 --> 01:43:46,435
the primary function
of our device,

2213
01:43:46,435 --> 01:43:49,590
so if we can't perform
that, it's a problem.

2214
01:43:49,590 --> 01:43:53,240
We would also like to reduce
the weight of this contraption,

2215
01:43:53,240 --> 01:43:55,840
because it is a little
heavier than we'd like.

2216
01:43:55,840 --> 01:44:00,070
So lighter and thinner
parts would be optimal.

2217
01:44:00,070 --> 01:44:02,390
Another issue is portability.

2218
01:44:02,390 --> 01:44:04,280
That was one of our
original design goals

2219
01:44:04,280 --> 01:44:07,250
and we haven't quite
gotten there yet.

2220
01:44:07,250 --> 01:44:09,580
Our current idea
would be to add wheels

2221
01:44:09,580 --> 01:44:11,720
to the back end
of it and a handle

2222
01:44:11,720 --> 01:44:16,170
so that you could
tilt and pull back.

2223
01:44:16,170 --> 01:44:21,020
And safety-- the
device is pretty safe,

2224
01:44:21,020 --> 01:44:23,806
except for the loose
chain that's open here,

2225
01:44:23,806 --> 01:44:25,555
so we would like to
be able to cover that.

2226
01:44:28,485 --> 01:44:29,860
And some of the
things that we've

2227
01:44:29,860 --> 01:44:35,430
learned through this project
are that parts are expensive.

2228
01:44:35,430 --> 01:44:36,720
Software is not so expensive.

2229
01:44:36,720 --> 01:44:38,980
Parts are expensive.

2230
01:44:38,980 --> 01:44:44,940
Understanding and designing for
your user is very important,

2231
01:44:44,940 --> 01:44:48,280
but you also have to keep in
mind safety, and feasibility,

2232
01:44:48,280 --> 01:44:50,950
and it can be
pretty complicated.

2233
01:44:50,950 --> 01:44:53,440
Iteration, therefore, is key.

2234
01:44:53,440 --> 01:44:56,270
That is one of the most
important things you can do.

2235
01:44:56,270 --> 01:44:59,960
And sadly, with our limited time
frame, and our large device,

2236
01:44:59,960 --> 01:45:03,625
it was hard to iterate
as much as we wanted.

2237
01:45:03,625 --> 01:45:06,000
Like I said, the most valuable
resource there, of course,

2238
01:45:06,000 --> 01:45:08,940
would be time, since we didn't
have enough time to iterate

2239
01:45:08,940 --> 01:45:09,940
as much as we'd like.

2240
01:45:13,580 --> 01:45:16,520
Reaching out to others
for assistance--

2241
01:45:16,520 --> 01:45:18,080
that's super important.

2242
01:45:18,080 --> 01:45:19,550
We received a lot
of help from Art

2243
01:45:19,550 --> 01:45:23,560
from the Department
of Material Science.

2244
01:45:23,560 --> 01:45:28,180
And we received a
lot of help from Don,

2245
01:45:28,180 --> 01:45:30,150
who gave us a lot
of parts, and who

2246
01:45:30,150 --> 01:45:32,860
helped us connect
all of this together.

2247
01:45:32,860 --> 01:45:35,625
And from the PPAT
staff in general.

2248
01:45:35,625 --> 01:45:37,500
And so with that, we'd
like to thank you guys

2249
01:45:37,500 --> 01:45:39,492
and open the floor to questions.

2250
01:45:39,492 --> 01:45:41,982
[APPLAUSE]

2251
01:45:46,330 --> 01:45:48,788
ROB MILLER: I wonder if you
could talk a bit about-- I know

2252
01:45:48,788 --> 01:45:50,946
you said that it can't
actually lift anyone,

2253
01:45:50,946 --> 01:45:52,938
but did Art try to get on it?

2254
01:45:52,938 --> 01:45:56,922
So what is the process
like for getting yourself

2255
01:45:56,922 --> 01:45:58,416
situated on that platform?

2256
01:45:58,416 --> 01:46:02,898
And is it stable enough to
be [? in that ?] [? state ?]

2257
01:46:02,898 --> 01:46:04,930
without falling
over [INAUDIBLE]?

2258
01:46:04,930 --> 01:46:09,070
STEPHANIE: So it's definitely
based on Rachel just

2259
01:46:09,070 --> 01:46:11,220
standing on the apparatus
and jumping on it--

2260
01:46:11,220 --> 01:46:14,430
it's definitely stable in terms
of actually holding up weight.

2261
01:46:14,430 --> 01:46:15,180
But the issue is--

2262
01:46:15,180 --> 01:46:18,150
RACHEL: I should add though--
this is a new development.

2263
01:46:18,150 --> 01:46:19,804
That was not true
until Sunday, when

2264
01:46:19,804 --> 01:46:22,220
Art helped us [? machine ?]
apart to keep the seat stable.

2265
01:46:22,220 --> 01:46:26,322
We had all of this working,
except the [? seat ?] was

2266
01:46:26,322 --> 01:46:28,310
wobbly for the
longest time, and we

2267
01:46:28,310 --> 01:46:31,789
were concerned about this as
a design feature, obviously.

2268
01:46:31,789 --> 01:46:35,268
We actually didn't get to
the point of having tried it,

2269
01:46:35,268 --> 01:46:38,250
but we'd like to do that
[INAUDIBLE] questions?

2270
01:46:41,101 --> 01:46:42,226
GUEST SPEAKER: [INAUDIBLE].

2271
01:46:42,226 --> 01:46:44,214
[LAUGHTER]

2272
01:46:44,214 --> 01:46:46,250
STEPHANIE: Ideally
though, there should

2273
01:46:46,250 --> 01:46:49,034
be no issue with Art
transferring into and out

2274
01:46:49,034 --> 01:46:51,200
of the chair, because this
would be positioned right

2275
01:46:51,200 --> 01:46:53,200
next to his wheelchair,
so that he would have

2276
01:46:53,200 --> 01:46:55,890
to do a slide over
onto the chair,

2277
01:46:55,890 --> 01:46:58,314
once it's set at
the ideal height.

2278
01:46:58,314 --> 01:46:59,980
ROB MILLER: But if
you're on the floor--

2279
01:46:59,980 --> 01:47:00,925
[INTERPOSING VOICES]

2280
01:47:00,925 --> 01:47:04,029
ROB MILLER: [INAUDIBLE] lift
himself up and [INAUDIBLE].

2281
01:47:04,029 --> 01:47:04,570
RACHEL: Yeah.

2282
01:47:07,080 --> 01:47:12,160
So the clearance of four inches
was a design goal given by Art.

2283
01:47:12,160 --> 01:47:14,506
Four inches is the
maximum distance

2284
01:47:14,506 --> 01:47:16,380
that he's comfortably
able to move vertically

2285
01:47:16,380 --> 01:47:17,930
to a different surface.

2286
01:47:17,930 --> 01:47:21,395
JESSICA: And so we were trying
to counter that with the design

2287
01:47:21,395 --> 01:47:23,870
[? itself. ?]

2288
01:47:23,870 --> 01:47:27,335
GUEST SPEAKER: So that frame
that's parallel to the chair,

2289
01:47:27,335 --> 01:47:30,800
and running through [INAUDIBLE]
come up to seat height,

2290
01:47:30,800 --> 01:47:32,780
and then you would [INAUDIBLE].

2291
01:47:36,740 --> 01:47:39,192
PROFESSOR: Any questions?

2292
01:47:39,192 --> 01:47:41,525
AUDIENCE: What do you think
are the trade-offs of making

2293
01:47:41,525 --> 01:47:43,910
it lighter and the
safety [? constraints? ?]

2294
01:47:43,910 --> 01:47:46,225
if it's lighter, wouldn't
it be easier to tip over?

2295
01:47:46,225 --> 01:47:49,470
Have you guys thought about
what happens if it falls over.

2296
01:47:49,470 --> 01:47:52,065
RACHEL: So I guess I should
talk into the microphone.

2297
01:47:54,750 --> 01:47:57,370
Basically, no,
because the center

2298
01:47:57,370 --> 01:48:00,169
of mass of this
contraption is always

2299
01:48:00,169 --> 01:48:02,460
going to be over the center
of the center of the frame,

2300
01:48:02,460 --> 01:48:06,860
and with a user on it,
or transferring onto it,

2301
01:48:06,860 --> 01:48:11,650
there's always going to be
weight over the support base.

2302
01:48:11,650 --> 01:48:13,520
In terms of making
it lighter, we

2303
01:48:13,520 --> 01:48:15,940
wouldn't be looking probably
to replace the entire frame.

2304
01:48:15,940 --> 01:48:18,990
We might make it out of
like a smaller 80-20.

2305
01:48:18,990 --> 01:48:20,580
i feel like that
was a possibility.

2306
01:48:20,580 --> 01:48:22,663
But the biggest thing we
could do to reduce weight

2307
01:48:22,663 --> 01:48:24,440
is to reduce the
thickness of the seat.

2308
01:48:24,440 --> 01:48:26,784
Half inch aluminum holds
up like 1,000 pounds,

2309
01:48:26,784 --> 01:48:27,950
and that's just unnecessary.

2310
01:48:27,950 --> 01:48:30,590
It's just happened to be
what we had lying around.

2311
01:48:30,590 --> 01:48:33,140
It was what we didn't
have to pay for.

2312
01:48:33,140 --> 01:48:36,130
And if we had a lot of time, we
would probably go and mill out

2313
01:48:36,130 --> 01:48:40,350
some shapes in the bottom to
optimize thickness where it was

2314
01:48:40,350 --> 01:48:45,150
necessary and cut out extra
weight where it wasn't.

2315
01:48:45,150 --> 01:48:47,960
The other reason that
it's heavy in general

2316
01:48:47,960 --> 01:48:50,670
is just that we ended up
finding that lighter components,

2317
01:48:50,670 --> 01:48:53,092
like components that weren't
made for heavy-duty usage

2318
01:48:53,092 --> 01:48:54,550
we're going to
stand up to the wear

2319
01:48:54,550 --> 01:48:57,010
and tear we expected
this device to see.

2320
01:48:57,010 --> 01:48:58,960
We actually had a
second prototype

2321
01:48:58,960 --> 01:49:01,330
that never made it in here,
because it was terrible.

2322
01:49:01,330 --> 01:49:03,871
We bought cheap components, and
they were lighter components,

2323
01:49:03,871 --> 01:49:07,350
and they didn't work
at the rotations.

2324
01:49:07,350 --> 01:49:10,260
That rod right now is
turning at 400 RPM,

2325
01:49:10,260 --> 01:49:13,610
and so it has to be
able to spin really

2326
01:49:13,610 --> 01:49:15,710
smoothly and without bending.

2327
01:49:15,710 --> 01:49:18,270
And so any material
that's tool-grade steel

2328
01:49:18,270 --> 01:49:21,746
doesn't work and et
cetera, et cetera.

2329
01:49:21,746 --> 01:49:22,621
PROFESSOR: All right.

2330
01:49:22,621 --> 01:49:24,529
In the interest of
time, we should move on,

2331
01:49:24,529 --> 01:49:26,437
but thank you very much.

2332
01:49:26,437 --> 01:49:28,690
[APPLAUSE]

2333
01:49:28,690 --> 01:49:30,926
Can we get Team Paul to set up?

2334
01:49:37,850 --> 01:49:39,400
YI: So we're Team Paul.

2335
01:49:39,400 --> 01:49:41,370
My name is Yi.

2336
01:49:41,370 --> 01:49:42,150
LEXIE: I'm Lexie.

2337
01:49:42,150 --> 01:49:43,650
BRADY: And I'm Brady

2338
01:49:43,650 --> 01:49:47,392
YI: And we are design
a coffee crane.

2339
01:49:47,392 --> 01:49:48,810
Which we'll let you know.

2340
01:49:48,810 --> 01:49:50,950
So first we just want
to quickly review.

2341
01:49:50,950 --> 01:49:52,640
So our client is Paul.

2342
01:49:52,640 --> 01:49:54,960
He has been an amputee
for over 30 years,

2343
01:49:54,960 --> 01:49:59,220
so he uses these forearm
crutches to help him.

2344
01:49:59,220 --> 01:50:04,510
And then because he had
an injury with his hip,

2345
01:50:04,510 --> 01:50:07,290
[INAUDIBLE] so he's been kind
of regaining his strength.

2346
01:50:07,290 --> 01:50:08,790
And he's doing
physical therapy now,

2347
01:50:08,790 --> 01:50:10,290
so he's mostly staying home.

2348
01:50:10,290 --> 01:50:13,019
So our client's not
going to be around.

2349
01:50:13,019 --> 01:50:14,560
So we're designing
this for the home.

2350
01:50:14,560 --> 01:50:16,800
So the problem
statement is we want

2351
01:50:16,800 --> 01:50:19,190
to design a device
or a mechanism that

2352
01:50:19,190 --> 01:50:21,430
allows Paul to carry at
least one full cup of coffee

2353
01:50:21,430 --> 01:50:24,230
around his house without
spilling of without gripping

2354
01:50:24,230 --> 01:50:30,240
onto the cup like is, which
is how he carries it before.

2355
01:50:30,240 --> 01:50:36,641
And the success metrics that
we had were current status--

2356
01:50:36,641 --> 01:50:38,140
well, I guess, the
previous status--

2357
01:50:38,140 --> 01:50:41,049
is that coffee cup can only
be filled to one third full.

2358
01:50:41,049 --> 01:50:43,340
So in the morning, he can
only fill it up to one third,

2359
01:50:43,340 --> 01:50:45,910
walk to the sofa, and then
sit down, and then drink

2360
01:50:45,910 --> 01:50:48,580
the one third cup of coffee
and then go back to get more.

2361
01:50:48,580 --> 01:50:51,040
And he had to
claw-grip on the cup.

2362
01:50:51,040 --> 01:50:54,049
So because he's using
crutches, that sometimes

2363
01:50:54,049 --> 01:50:56,340
can be turbulent-- so even
if it's only one third full,

2364
01:50:56,340 --> 01:50:58,710
it can still spill on his hand.

2365
01:50:58,710 --> 01:51:01,390
And so when we were
coming up with goals,

2366
01:51:01,390 --> 01:51:04,190
we two goals-- the livable
goals and the ambitious goal.

2367
01:51:04,190 --> 01:51:06,710
So we wanted to
design something that

2368
01:51:06,710 --> 01:51:08,840
doesn't spill when
it's 2/3 full,

2369
01:51:08,840 --> 01:51:10,990
and there's no need
to hold on to the cup

2370
01:51:10,990 --> 01:51:12,830
like he does now,
where it's clawing.

2371
01:51:12,830 --> 01:51:15,300
And then hopefully it can
be removable with 20 seconds

2372
01:51:15,300 --> 01:51:16,400
on and off time.

2373
01:51:16,400 --> 01:51:18,780
And then Paul gives us a
rating of six out of 10,

2374
01:51:18,780 --> 01:51:20,800
and it works for
one of his mugs.

2375
01:51:20,800 --> 01:51:22,390
Because that's one
of the main things

2376
01:51:22,390 --> 01:51:25,550
Paul wants is he wants to use
his mugs, instead of maybe

2377
01:51:25,550 --> 01:51:26,930
a thermal or something.

2378
01:51:26,930 --> 01:51:31,350
An ambitious goal is no spill
with coffee cup 3/4 full,

2379
01:51:31,350 --> 01:51:32,630
and no need to hold it.

2380
01:51:32,630 --> 01:51:34,725
And then removable
within 10 seconds,

2381
01:51:34,725 --> 01:51:36,350
and then Paul rates
it eight out of 10,

2382
01:51:36,350 --> 01:51:38,800
and it works for
all of his mugs.

2383
01:51:38,800 --> 01:51:41,430
And then just some of
our early prototypes.

2384
01:51:41,430 --> 01:51:43,380
So we were thinking
of maybe if we just

2385
01:51:43,380 --> 01:51:47,720
cover the cup with one of these,
which works really well-- it

2386
01:51:47,720 --> 01:51:48,800
will not spill.

2387
01:51:48,800 --> 01:51:51,700
And then just maybe put it
in one of the stage holders,

2388
01:51:51,700 --> 01:51:54,260
and then just put the stage
holder on his crutches.

2389
01:51:54,260 --> 01:51:57,360
And because his mug didn't fit
in that-- that's too small--

2390
01:51:57,360 --> 01:52:00,430
we were thinking of
another kind of cover,

2391
01:52:00,430 --> 01:52:02,760
which is the flexiCover.

2392
01:52:02,760 --> 01:52:05,320
So it takes actually a
lot of strength to put on,

2393
01:52:05,320 --> 01:52:07,367
and you have to stretch it.

2394
01:52:07,367 --> 01:52:08,950
And then we were
thinking, well, maybe

2395
01:52:08,950 --> 01:52:12,180
we can use some sort of
gyroscopic cup holder

2396
01:52:12,180 --> 01:52:14,620
idea, which allows it to swing.

2397
01:52:14,620 --> 01:52:18,490
And then this works horrible,
and there's spilling

2398
01:52:18,490 --> 01:52:20,130
even when you put the cup in.

2399
01:52:20,130 --> 01:52:22,850
And then we thinking
this kind of clamp

2400
01:52:22,850 --> 01:52:26,610
to clamp onto his crutches,
which we have here.

2401
01:52:26,610 --> 01:52:32,010
And Paul actually destroyed
it, because it's too weak.

2402
01:52:32,010 --> 01:52:34,710
He broke this things
when we tested it.

2403
01:52:34,710 --> 01:52:36,612
And then, after all
those iterations

2404
01:52:36,612 --> 01:52:38,070
and looking for
the right products,

2405
01:52:38,070 --> 01:52:42,370
we have a final prototype.

2406
01:52:42,370 --> 01:52:45,990
LEXIE: So our final
prototype-- one of the main

2407
01:52:45,990 --> 01:52:51,240
we-- products that we
found was the Spill Not.

2408
01:52:51,240 --> 01:52:55,570
And basically it's a product
that if you put a coffee

2409
01:52:55,570 --> 01:53:00,490
mug on it, you can put it
at any angle basically,

2410
01:53:00,490 --> 01:53:03,690
and it won't spill the contents.

2411
01:53:03,690 --> 01:53:06,880
And this has to do
with the forces--

2412
01:53:06,880 --> 01:53:11,440
as you move this way--
counteract the other forces.

2413
01:53:11,440 --> 01:53:14,975
So, magic.

2414
01:53:14,975 --> 01:53:17,100
[LAUGHTER]

2415
01:53:17,100 --> 01:53:20,855
But this definitely works
with basically any mug

2416
01:53:20,855 --> 01:53:22,730
that you could put in
here, and it definitely

2417
01:53:22,730 --> 01:53:25,440
works with all of Paul's
mugs, and probably any he

2418
01:53:25,440 --> 01:53:26,770
would get in the future.

2419
01:53:26,770 --> 01:53:29,390
And it definitely is no spill.

2420
01:53:29,390 --> 01:53:33,550
The only time it would spill
is if it hit something or gets

2421
01:53:33,550 --> 01:53:35,250
jarred in any way.

2422
01:53:35,250 --> 01:53:40,590
So we decided to put it on a
rod far away from his crutch

2423
01:53:40,590 --> 01:53:43,600
so it wouldn't actually
hit into his crutch,

2424
01:53:43,600 --> 01:53:46,420
and basically just
put a hook on the end

2425
01:53:46,420 --> 01:53:52,180
so that he could easily
connect it onto the rod.

2426
01:53:52,180 --> 01:53:56,740
And then it would be easy
to just slip on and off.

2427
01:53:56,740 --> 01:53:59,640
And we needed a stronger
clamp, obviously.

2428
01:53:59,640 --> 01:54:02,040
This is not actually the
one we ended up using.

2429
01:54:02,040 --> 01:54:03,370
I don't have a picture of it.

2430
01:54:03,370 --> 01:54:09,210
We got clamps from Don
Fredette, and basically it's

2431
01:54:09,210 --> 01:54:11,500
a clamp that he would
leave on there permanently,

2432
01:54:11,500 --> 01:54:13,060
and he's really OK with that.

2433
01:54:13,060 --> 01:54:14,860
He actually really
likes that it's there

2434
01:54:14,860 --> 01:54:18,120
and it's very solidly
on his crutch.

2435
01:54:18,120 --> 01:54:24,670
And then he can just attach
this rod to the clamp then.

2436
01:54:24,670 --> 01:54:28,140
And then we added
this handle on it

2437
01:54:28,140 --> 01:54:31,330
to make it even
easier to put on.

2438
01:54:31,330 --> 01:54:35,070
And this is the product
on Paul's crutch.

2439
01:54:35,070 --> 01:54:36,660
It doesn't have the
handle on it yet.

2440
01:54:36,660 --> 01:54:38,686
This picture was taken
before we put in on.

2441
01:54:41,360 --> 01:54:42,870
So some of the
assumptions that we

2442
01:54:42,870 --> 01:54:45,970
made while making
this final prototype

2443
01:54:45,970 --> 01:54:50,100
were that when he's putting
the Spill Not on and off,

2444
01:54:50,100 --> 01:54:52,960
he would be able
to remain standing,

2445
01:54:52,960 --> 01:54:54,560
and he wouldn't spill anything.

2446
01:54:54,560 --> 01:54:58,400
And that basically he would
be able to move around

2447
01:54:58,400 --> 01:55:01,800
his apartment and
maneuver in there.

2448
01:55:01,800 --> 01:55:05,400
And so when we went to
experiment with this,

2449
01:55:05,400 --> 01:55:08,460
we actually were using the
weaker clamp at the time,

2450
01:55:08,460 --> 01:55:12,380
so we basically couldn't test
with the coffee cup in it,

2451
01:55:12,380 --> 01:55:16,990
but we were able to test
different rod lengths.

2452
01:55:16,990 --> 01:55:19,690
So there's eight-inch, and
then we also tested a 12-inch,

2453
01:55:19,690 --> 01:55:22,880
and then we tested where
he was able to hold it

2454
01:55:22,880 --> 01:55:25,260
out this way with his
crutch, and this way,

2455
01:55:25,260 --> 01:55:28,620
and then this way basically.

2456
01:55:28,620 --> 01:55:34,000
And we found that straight
ahead was the best orientation,

2457
01:55:34,000 --> 01:55:35,650
because it didn't
knock into the wall

2458
01:55:35,650 --> 01:55:40,700
and all the other ones
did, with the eight-inch.

2459
01:55:40,700 --> 01:55:47,600
So this is a video of
Paul putting the clamp on.

2460
01:55:47,600 --> 01:55:52,070
And as you can see, it
doesn't take very much time,

2461
01:55:52,070 --> 01:55:54,420
because the clamp
is already on there,

2462
01:55:54,420 --> 01:55:56,480
and he's just
putting the rod on.

2463
01:55:56,480 --> 01:55:59,380
And then he puts the
Spill Not on top of it.

2464
01:55:59,380 --> 01:56:03,240
And he can maneuver with it.

2465
01:56:03,240 --> 01:56:07,740
And it just kind of
hanging out there.

2466
01:56:07,740 --> 01:56:10,430
And he's able to maneuver.

2467
01:56:10,430 --> 01:56:12,870
That's his cat.

2468
01:56:12,870 --> 01:56:15,990
He's able to maneuver around
his apartment fairly easily.

2469
01:56:28,790 --> 01:56:31,650
BRADY: So as you can see
from our success metrics,

2470
01:56:31,650 --> 01:56:33,840
we had Paul test
out the prototype.

2471
01:56:33,840 --> 01:56:35,690
We left it with them for a week.

2472
01:56:35,690 --> 01:56:40,230
Asked for his feedback, and he
gave us very, very enthusiastic

2473
01:56:40,230 --> 01:56:40,870
feedback.

2474
01:56:40,870 --> 01:56:41,510
He loves it.

2475
01:56:41,510 --> 01:56:44,100
He rates it 10 out of 10.

2476
01:56:44,100 --> 01:56:46,710
It was actually really nice to
see when we walked in the door

2477
01:56:46,710 --> 01:56:49,350
when we met with them that
he had the clamp still

2478
01:56:49,350 --> 01:56:51,640
on from when we'd given
it to him last week.

2479
01:56:51,640 --> 01:56:53,490
He said he hadn't taken it off.

2480
01:56:53,490 --> 01:56:56,440
So that was really nice.

2481
01:56:56,440 --> 01:56:58,580
And he said he's been
walking around his apartment

2482
01:56:58,580 --> 01:57:00,260
with full cups of coffee.

2483
01:57:00,260 --> 01:57:02,860
He hasn't spilled anything
yet, so he's really

2484
01:57:02,860 --> 01:57:05,039
really happy about that.

2485
01:57:05,039 --> 01:57:07,080
Obviously he doesn't need
to hold the coffee cup,

2486
01:57:07,080 --> 01:57:08,650
because it's out
on the Spill Not.

2487
01:57:08,650 --> 01:57:11,590
So that was another one of our
ambitious goals that we met.

2488
01:57:11,590 --> 01:57:13,830
The one part that
we didn't quite meet

2489
01:57:13,830 --> 01:57:17,820
is it does take a little bit
longer to put on and take off,

2490
01:57:17,820 --> 01:57:21,812
because it is that rotating
motion putting on and taking

2491
01:57:21,812 --> 01:57:24,020
out the extension as opposed
to, say, a quick release

2492
01:57:24,020 --> 01:57:25,228
clamp or something like that.

2493
01:57:25,228 --> 01:57:28,230
But that was a trade-off we were
willing to make because it's

2494
01:57:28,230 --> 01:57:29,670
definitely more sturdy.

2495
01:57:29,670 --> 01:57:32,010
Like we said, he
destroyed our other clamp,

2496
01:57:32,010 --> 01:57:36,030
because he's got really,
really good grip strength.

2497
01:57:36,030 --> 01:57:39,035
And like we said, it works
for all of Paul's mugs.

2498
01:57:39,035 --> 01:57:40,076
So that part's fantastic.

2499
01:57:43,450 --> 01:57:45,890
All right so what did we
learn through all this?

2500
01:57:45,890 --> 01:57:50,370
Nothing is as simple
as it first appears.

2501
01:57:50,370 --> 01:57:52,039
You kind of
underestimate the task

2502
01:57:52,039 --> 01:57:54,330
when you think, oh, I just
need to have him walk around

2503
01:57:54,330 --> 01:57:56,038
his apartment with a
full cup of coffee--

2504
01:57:56,038 --> 01:57:57,630
how hard can that possibly be?

2505
01:57:57,630 --> 01:57:59,965
But it turns out, it was
actually really, really

2506
01:57:59,965 --> 01:58:02,090
difficult, and if it hadn't
been for the Spill Not,

2507
01:58:02,090 --> 01:58:05,012
we probably wouldn't have been
able to accomplish the goal

2508
01:58:05,012 --> 01:58:07,220
that we had set for ourselves,
but that Spill Not was

2509
01:58:07,220 --> 01:58:09,960
definitely a lifesaver.

2510
01:58:09,960 --> 01:58:11,620
Fail fast and iterate
until success.

2511
01:58:11,620 --> 01:58:15,160
Like we said, the covers
probably would've worked OK,

2512
01:58:15,160 --> 01:58:17,840
but they're really hard to put
on and take off, so from then

2513
01:58:17,840 --> 01:58:21,310
that kind of sparked
the rest of our ideas.

2514
01:58:21,310 --> 01:58:23,410
And then with the Spill
Not, we thought maybe

2515
01:58:23,410 --> 01:58:26,240
he could just hang it off
the handle of his crutch

2516
01:58:26,240 --> 01:58:28,382
but that doesn't really
occur to you-- well

2517
01:58:28,382 --> 01:58:30,090
what happens if it
bumps into his crutch,

2518
01:58:30,090 --> 01:58:32,490
and all of a sudden it
start's spilling everywhere?

2519
01:58:32,490 --> 01:58:34,850
So fail fast and
iterate from there.

2520
01:58:34,850 --> 01:58:36,600
And finally, keep the
end user involved.

2521
01:58:36,600 --> 01:58:39,020
Paul met with us
pretty much every week.

2522
01:58:39,020 --> 01:58:41,306
He was always available,
and we definitely

2523
01:58:41,306 --> 01:58:42,680
came up with
something in the end

2524
01:58:42,680 --> 01:58:45,809
that he's very, very happy with.

2525
01:58:45,809 --> 01:58:48,350
And from Paul we learned to be
grateful for the small things,

2526
01:58:48,350 --> 01:58:51,240
such as being able to
carry a full cup of coffee.

2527
01:58:51,240 --> 01:58:53,370
And his favorite quote
and the thing and he

2528
01:58:53,370 --> 01:58:54,950
said literally every
time we visited

2529
01:58:54,950 --> 01:58:56,700
was 'You guys are
doing wonderful stuff.

2530
01:58:56,700 --> 01:58:57,850
This is great.

2531
01:58:57,850 --> 01:59:02,440
So keep it up."

2532
01:59:02,440 --> 01:59:02,940
All right.

2533
01:59:02,940 --> 01:59:05,028
That's it.

2534
01:59:05,028 --> 01:59:07,463
[APPLAUSE]

2535
01:59:09,410 --> 01:59:09,910
BRADY: Yes?

2536
01:59:09,910 --> 01:59:11,754
ROB MILLER: So what
you ended up with still

2537
01:59:11,754 --> 01:59:12,990
has three parts to it right?

2538
01:59:12,990 --> 01:59:13,490
BRADY: Yes.

2539
01:59:13,490 --> 01:59:15,615
ROB MILLER: There's the
bar; there's the Spill Not,

2540
01:59:15,615 --> 01:59:19,690
and [? the coffee ?] [? cup. ?]
Did you explore trying to cut

2541
01:59:19,690 --> 01:59:20,664
that down to two?

2542
01:59:20,664 --> 01:59:22,914
Certainly, you need the cup
to be able to [INAUDIBLE]?

2543
01:59:30,360 --> 01:59:37,390
BRADY: You mean as in from here
and eliminate the hook portion?

2544
01:59:37,390 --> 01:59:41,090
LEXIE: Well when you're spending
it on, it would kind of-- I

2545
01:59:41,090 --> 01:59:44,130
mean you could do
it, but I think

2546
01:59:44,130 --> 01:59:48,710
that it was a little bit hectic
if you wanted to spin it on,

2547
01:59:48,710 --> 01:59:51,170
it would kind of flip
the Spill Not around.

2548
01:59:51,170 --> 01:59:52,870
BRADY: Plus the
other part is how

2549
01:59:52,870 --> 01:59:55,390
Paul uses it is once
he's out of the kitchen

2550
01:59:55,390 --> 01:59:57,620
and into his living room,
the table is actually

2551
01:59:57,620 --> 01:59:59,170
at just the right
height where he

2552
01:59:59,170 --> 02:00:02,050
can remain standing and
gently set the Spill not.

2553
02:00:02,050 --> 02:00:04,850
Onto the table and unhook
it from his crutch.

2554
02:00:04,850 --> 02:00:09,110
So then he doesn't
run the risk of-- he

2555
02:00:09,110 --> 02:00:10,600
would you have to
remain standing

2556
02:00:10,600 --> 02:00:13,245
and try and unscrew it with
the cup still on the Spill Not.

2557
02:00:13,245 --> 02:00:14,870
ROB MILLER: It helps
with the delivery.

2558
02:00:14,870 --> 02:00:16,453
BRADY: It helps with
the delivery time

2559
02:00:16,453 --> 02:00:18,607
onto the-- exactly.

2560
02:00:18,607 --> 02:00:22,432
[? ROB MILLER: The ?] other part
of that would be that if you

2561
02:00:22,432 --> 02:00:28,370
could attach the clamp to the
rod, but is difficult for him--

2562
02:00:28,370 --> 02:00:30,330
[INTERPOSING VOICES]

2563
02:00:31,744 --> 02:00:33,660
BRADY: Finding a clamp
that worked really well

2564
02:00:33,660 --> 02:00:38,140
and then finding the correct
length rod to keep it out,

2565
02:00:38,140 --> 02:00:40,750
away from the crutch was
kind of an iterative process.

2566
02:00:40,750 --> 02:00:42,333
Like I said, we tried
out the 12-inch,

2567
02:00:42,333 --> 02:00:44,270
we tried out the eight-inch.

2568
02:00:44,270 --> 02:00:44,770
and.

2569
02:00:44,770 --> 02:00:47,240
Other thing is he
really liked the idea

2570
02:00:47,240 --> 02:00:49,170
of keeping it on
there permanently,

2571
02:00:49,170 --> 02:00:51,389
at least the clamp.

2572
02:00:51,389 --> 02:00:53,680
And if there would have been
a quick release clamp that

2573
02:00:53,680 --> 02:00:55,790
worked very well, we
probably would have looked

2574
02:00:55,790 --> 02:00:57,790
into that a little bit further.

2575
02:00:57,790 --> 02:00:59,540
But the clamp that he
liked the best thing

2576
02:00:59,540 --> 02:01:00,570
and that definitely
worked the best

2577
02:01:00,570 --> 02:01:02,278
is the one that was
on there permanently.

2578
02:01:02,278 --> 02:01:06,748
So it made more sense to just
be able to unscrew the rod.

2579
02:01:06,748 --> 02:01:09,218
AUDIENCE: Could I
suggest that maybe you

2580
02:01:09,218 --> 02:01:10,947
look into getting
him a crutch you

2581
02:01:10,947 --> 02:01:15,650
would attach this to that
he only uses in the house?

2582
02:01:15,650 --> 02:01:18,230
BRADY: So Paul's crutches
are actually custom.

2583
02:01:18,230 --> 02:01:19,870
AUDIENCE: Are they
super expensive?

2584
02:01:19,870 --> 02:01:20,370
BRADY: Yeah.

2585
02:01:23,570 --> 02:01:26,970
The previous group mentioned
like $200 to $400 for aluminum,

2586
02:01:26,970 --> 02:01:29,465
we'd be easily double
that max price.

2587
02:01:32,034 --> 02:01:34,117
ROB MILLER: [INAUDIBLE]
bend you over for any kind

2588
02:01:34,117 --> 02:01:35,370
of adaptable gear.

2589
02:01:35,370 --> 02:01:37,132
AUDIENCE: What?

2590
02:01:37,132 --> 02:01:38,840
ROB MILLER: It's called
any time you say,

2591
02:01:38,840 --> 02:01:40,480
oh, adaptable equipment.

2592
02:01:40,480 --> 02:01:43,170
Drop your drawers and bend
over, because there's something

2593
02:01:43,170 --> 02:01:45,724
you really don't like.

2594
02:01:45,724 --> 02:01:47,140
GUEST SPEAKER: I'm
wondering if we

2595
02:01:47,140 --> 02:01:50,070
can get t-shirts with that "Fail
fast, iterate until success."

2596
02:01:50,070 --> 02:01:52,380
[LAUGHTER]

2597
02:01:53,420 --> 02:01:54,966
BRADY: The MIT motto right?

2598
02:01:54,966 --> 02:01:57,320
PROFESSOR: In the interest
of time, thank you very much.

2599
02:01:57,320 --> 02:01:57,903
BRADY: Thanks.

2600
02:02:03,295 --> 02:02:03,920
KELLY: Hi guys!

2601
02:02:03,920 --> 02:02:04,910
I'm Kelly

2602
02:02:04,910 --> 02:02:05,610
EDDY: I'm Eddy.

2603
02:02:05,610 --> 02:02:06,360
EUNICE: I'm Eunice

2604
02:02:06,360 --> 02:02:09,950
KELLY: And we're here to talk
to you guys about script speak.

2605
02:02:09,950 --> 02:02:12,237
So our client this
semester was Barbara,

2606
02:02:12,237 --> 02:02:14,820
who was a former teacher who now
lives at the Leonard Florence

2607
02:02:14,820 --> 02:02:15,990
Center.

2608
02:02:15,990 --> 02:02:17,670
Barbara, over a
year ago, found out

2609
02:02:17,670 --> 02:02:20,910
that she was diagnosed with
Primary Lateral Sclerosis,

2610
02:02:20,910 --> 02:02:24,020
which is a neurodegenerative
disease, which

2611
02:02:24,020 --> 02:02:25,880
results in muscle weakness.

2612
02:02:25,880 --> 02:02:28,710
As a result, speaking
for her now is very hard,

2613
02:02:28,710 --> 02:02:34,340
and her speaking has gotten more
unclear as time has progressed.

2614
02:02:34,340 --> 02:02:36,080
Because of her
first speech, she's

2615
02:02:36,080 --> 02:02:38,160
faced several challenges
in different sorts

2616
02:02:38,160 --> 02:02:39,300
of environments.

2617
02:02:39,300 --> 02:02:40,800
When it comes to
group environments,

2618
02:02:40,800 --> 02:02:43,950
it can be very hard for
people to understand her,

2619
02:02:43,950 --> 02:02:46,432
because often they're
very, very noisy.

2620
02:02:46,432 --> 02:02:47,890
She also trouble
speaking to people

2621
02:02:47,890 --> 02:02:49,820
who don't understand
how her speech

2622
02:02:49,820 --> 02:02:55,330
functions, such as
non-native English speakers,

2623
02:02:55,330 --> 02:02:58,750
or a taxi drivers-- people who
just don't have correspondence

2624
02:02:58,750 --> 02:02:59,760
with her.

2625
02:02:59,760 --> 02:03:01,930
She's also found that in
virtual environments, It's.

2626
02:03:01,930 --> 02:03:04,830
Also very difficult for
her to talk to people.

2627
02:03:04,830 --> 02:03:08,290
So through phone or video chat.

2628
02:03:08,290 --> 02:03:08,790
I'm

2629
02:03:08,790 --> 02:03:12,530
Currently she's tried out two
solutions besides speaking,

2630
02:03:12,530 --> 02:03:15,650
and one of them was
called Proloque4Text.

2631
02:03:15,650 --> 02:03:25,400
This is an assistive
text to voice app,

2632
02:03:25,400 --> 02:03:28,530
and she found a very
unintuitive to use,

2633
02:03:28,530 --> 02:03:31,046
because technology
is not her forte.

2634
02:03:31,046 --> 02:03:32,670
And she also try
using something called

2635
02:03:32,670 --> 02:03:35,890
a BoogieBoard, which is a
more physical board that she

2636
02:03:35,890 --> 02:03:37,890
can use instead.

2637
02:03:37,890 --> 02:03:39,840
And through this,
she found that it

2638
02:03:39,840 --> 02:03:41,920
was nice because
she could write,

2639
02:03:41,920 --> 02:03:44,290
but also kind of inconvenient,
because she would have

2640
02:03:44,290 --> 02:03:46,070
to write out everything
she wanted to say,

2641
02:03:46,070 --> 02:03:47,790
and she couldn't
save it anywhere.

2642
02:03:47,790 --> 02:03:51,120
And so both of these solutions
we're lacking something.

2643
02:03:51,120 --> 02:03:55,310
And knowing that she
was technologically not

2644
02:03:55,310 --> 02:03:59,620
very equipped, we
knew that had to be

2645
02:03:59,620 --> 02:04:02,500
simple to fix her problem.

2646
02:04:02,500 --> 02:04:04,740
And so we decided to
create ScriptSpeak.

2647
02:04:04,740 --> 02:04:09,510
ScriptSpeak is a text to voice
app, whose main purpose is

2648
02:04:09,510 --> 02:04:11,930
to be as simple to
use as possible,

2649
02:04:11,930 --> 02:04:14,900
as well as customizable, so the
user can enter in any phrases

2650
02:04:14,900 --> 02:04:16,380
they want.

2651
02:04:16,380 --> 02:04:19,320
And ultimately, it should
expanded the environment

2652
02:04:19,320 --> 02:04:22,980
in which she can speak.

2653
02:04:22,980 --> 02:04:25,320
EDDY: So our success
metrics are here.

2654
02:04:25,320 --> 02:04:27,350
Our livable goals
is what I'm mainly

2655
02:04:27,350 --> 02:04:30,150
cover, which is we wanted
her to be able to attempt

2656
02:04:30,150 --> 02:04:32,060
to speak-- one of
the main reasons

2657
02:04:32,060 --> 02:04:34,740
is you use it or lose it, right?

2658
02:04:34,740 --> 02:04:37,160
So she continues to
try and use her speech,

2659
02:04:37,160 --> 02:04:40,010
but even over the
course of this class,

2660
02:04:40,010 --> 02:04:43,800
we have seen a significant
decrease in her ability

2661
02:04:43,800 --> 02:04:45,350
to pronounce certain syllables.

2662
02:04:45,350 --> 02:04:48,770
So we want to be able to
try, but if she ends up

2663
02:04:48,770 --> 02:04:51,500
not being able to speak, we
want to be able to either type

2664
02:04:51,500 --> 02:04:54,600
out the phrase, or if she's
already spoken that phrase,

2665
02:04:54,600 --> 02:04:57,450
she can find it in her
history or in her favorites

2666
02:04:57,450 --> 02:04:58,890
within five clicks.

2667
02:04:58,890 --> 02:05:02,660
We want to basically have
her increase the efficiency

2668
02:05:02,660 --> 02:05:06,570
of her speech by lowering her
response time by about 20%

2669
02:05:06,570 --> 02:05:07,410
overall.

2670
02:05:07,410 --> 02:05:10,270
So basically, an amortized
cost over how many times

2671
02:05:10,270 --> 02:05:14,040
she reuses phrases, as opposed
to her current method, which

2672
02:05:14,040 --> 02:05:16,490
she has to type every
phrase, whenever

2673
02:05:16,490 --> 02:05:17,490
she's going to speak it.

2674
02:05:17,490 --> 02:05:20,849
So she can't really reuse
or use the components

2675
02:05:20,849 --> 02:05:23,140
that are available, even
though the features are there.

2676
02:05:23,140 --> 02:05:25,350
It's just very
complicated for her.

2677
02:05:25,350 --> 02:05:30,050
And larger, noisier environments
from five to 10 people.

2678
02:05:30,050 --> 02:05:33,290
So right now she's really
OK with speaking to you

2679
02:05:33,290 --> 02:05:35,030
and using her current
apps when it's

2680
02:05:35,030 --> 02:05:39,090
one-to-one or one-to-three,
especially for our meetings.

2681
02:05:39,090 --> 02:05:41,410
But in other
settings, she wasn't

2682
02:05:41,410 --> 02:05:45,530
unable to use her apps
because the iPhone is too low.

2683
02:05:45,530 --> 02:05:48,685
And the iPad app she hadn't used
for an extended period of time,

2684
02:05:48,685 --> 02:05:50,910
so she was very
uncomfortable using it.

2685
02:05:50,910 --> 02:05:52,780
So we wanted to give
her a solution she can

2686
02:05:52,780 --> 02:05:55,700
use in both of those settings.

2687
02:05:55,700 --> 02:06:01,020
So we started prototyping
with her main point being

2688
02:06:01,020 --> 02:06:01,692
keep it simple.

2689
02:06:01,692 --> 02:06:02,650
The simpler the better.

2690
02:06:02,650 --> 02:06:06,070
So we started off-- we gave
her this paper prototype where

2691
02:06:06,070 --> 02:06:06,980
we had her test.

2692
02:06:06,980 --> 02:06:08,920
And right from the
start, we found out

2693
02:06:08,920 --> 02:06:13,920
that we found that
most of the common UI

2694
02:06:13,920 --> 02:06:15,440
functionality that
we're all used

2695
02:06:15,440 --> 02:06:19,270
to with apps in the
app store don't really

2696
02:06:19,270 --> 02:06:20,460
seem intuitive to her.

2697
02:06:20,460 --> 02:06:23,850
So swiping to delete, and a few
other of these characteristics

2698
02:06:23,850 --> 02:06:25,980
were not something
she would use.

2699
02:06:25,980 --> 02:06:27,780
So we stripped that
down, and we went

2700
02:06:27,780 --> 02:06:31,280
back to how UIs are
more intuitive in terms

2701
02:06:31,280 --> 02:06:34,600
of you see, and you click on
it, and that's what you get.

2702
02:06:34,600 --> 02:06:37,650
So we see here the star
for favoriting and so on.

2703
02:06:37,650 --> 02:06:40,040
Then we created our second
prototype really quickly,

2704
02:06:40,040 --> 02:06:42,070
because we wanted to get
something in her hand

2705
02:06:42,070 --> 02:06:43,160
with App Inventor.

2706
02:06:43,160 --> 02:06:47,640
So we built basically an app
that she could click the text

2707
02:06:47,640 --> 02:06:51,800
and it would like play, and
she can add text and store that

2708
02:06:51,800 --> 02:06:53,024
into her history.

2709
02:06:53,024 --> 02:06:54,440
So that was our
initial prototype.

2710
02:06:54,440 --> 02:06:56,330
Then we started
having the iOS app.

2711
02:06:56,330 --> 02:07:00,110
So we don't want to have no
interaction until too late.

2712
02:07:00,110 --> 02:07:02,060
So we started of-- we
had her history page

2713
02:07:02,060 --> 02:07:03,950
and her favorites page
right from the start.

2714
02:07:03,950 --> 02:07:06,800
But we needed to
update a few things

2715
02:07:06,800 --> 02:07:11,850
so we could have the stars be
on and off as she would like it.

2716
02:07:11,850 --> 02:07:13,850
And then we connected both.

2717
02:07:13,850 --> 02:07:15,537
So whatever she did
on the history page,

2718
02:07:15,537 --> 02:07:17,120
it was reflected on
the favorites page

2719
02:07:17,120 --> 02:07:19,640
if it was necessary.

2720
02:07:19,640 --> 02:07:22,860
And then after we finished
this, we brought it to her,

2721
02:07:22,860 --> 02:07:26,397
and we got a piece of
feedback we didn't expect,

2722
02:07:26,397 --> 02:07:27,980
which is that she
wanted it to connect

2723
02:07:27,980 --> 02:07:29,530
between her iPhone and her iPad.

2724
02:07:29,530 --> 02:07:31,550
Initially, she said
that her iPhone

2725
02:07:31,550 --> 02:07:34,350
was too low-- the
volume was too low,

2726
02:07:34,350 --> 02:07:37,040
so she really couldn't use
it in most environments,

2727
02:07:37,040 --> 02:07:40,252
but then she told
us that if she's

2728
02:07:40,252 --> 02:07:42,710
going to be a smaller setting,
she's in her phone with her,

2729
02:07:42,710 --> 02:07:44,800
because it's less heavy.

2730
02:07:44,800 --> 02:07:46,800
So we needed to
connect both of them.

2731
02:07:46,800 --> 02:07:49,340
So we just connected
the apps through Parse,

2732
02:07:49,340 --> 02:07:51,126
and we're going to
deliver that to her.

2733
02:07:51,126 --> 02:07:52,500
So the functionality
is the same.

2734
02:07:52,500 --> 02:07:54,459
It's just now whatever
she types in in one

2735
02:07:54,459 --> 02:07:55,750
will be reflected in the other.

2736
02:07:58,780 --> 02:08:00,460
So we'll have a demo for you.

2737
02:08:00,460 --> 02:08:01,876
KELLY: Now we're
going to show you

2738
02:08:01,876 --> 02:08:04,570
guys a demo using the simulator.

2739
02:08:04,570 --> 02:08:06,830
However, the text-to-speech
doesn't actually

2740
02:08:06,830 --> 02:08:13,720
play on a laptop, so we will
play it for you on our iPad.

2741
02:08:13,720 --> 02:08:15,840
But as you can see,
we have the app

2742
02:08:15,840 --> 02:08:18,010
working on both the
phone and the iPad,

2743
02:08:18,010 --> 02:08:19,460
so it's customizable for both.

2744
02:08:19,460 --> 02:08:21,152
EDDY: Trying to
find your screen.

2745
02:08:21,152 --> 02:08:22,565
KELLY: Pull it that way.

2746
02:08:22,565 --> 02:08:25,144
EDDY: This way?

2747
02:08:25,144 --> 02:08:26,935
Seems like the simulator
cannot be dragged.

2748
02:08:33,240 --> 02:08:34,860
KELLY: It can't be dragged over.

2749
02:08:34,860 --> 02:08:36,193
EDDY: It cannot be dragged over.

2750
02:08:36,193 --> 02:08:37,480
KELLY: Can you switch it?

2751
02:08:37,480 --> 02:08:39,430
No, you can switch
the-- [INAUDIBLE].

2752
02:08:41,706 --> 02:08:43,678
I don't remember [? that. ?]

2753
02:08:49,310 --> 02:08:52,410
EDDY: In any event, we do have--

2754
02:08:52,410 --> 02:08:54,498
KELLY: Wait [INAUDIBLE]
should be moving.

2755
02:08:54,498 --> 02:08:55,956
AUDIENCE: Go in
System Preferences.

2756
02:08:55,956 --> 02:08:58,420
EDDY: Oh, in System Preferences?

2757
02:08:58,420 --> 02:09:02,110
So in any event, we do have
the app loaded onto our iPad.

2758
02:09:02,110 --> 02:09:05,800
So we added the feature
that she can compose

2759
02:09:05,800 --> 02:09:10,740
a sentence with
previously said text,

2760
02:09:10,740 --> 02:09:12,290
and then she can
play it in the end.

2761
02:09:12,290 --> 02:09:13,748
So can store her
name, and whenever

2762
02:09:13,748 --> 02:09:17,100
she has to type in her name,
it's always there for her.

2763
02:09:17,100 --> 02:09:20,610
We also added that she
can delete her messages,

2764
02:09:20,610 --> 02:09:24,090
and she can go to her
history, and in her history

2765
02:09:24,090 --> 02:09:26,050
she can favorite the items.

2766
02:09:26,050 --> 02:09:27,624
And then if she
deletes these items--

2767
02:09:27,624 --> 02:09:29,040
SYNTHETIC SPEECH:
This is awesome.

2768
02:09:29,040 --> 02:09:31,205
EDDY: So she can play it.

2769
02:09:31,205 --> 02:09:32,710
A little plug-in there.

2770
02:09:32,710 --> 02:09:34,614
And if she delete
these from her--

2771
02:09:34,614 --> 02:09:36,030
SYNTHETIC SPEECH:
This is awesome.

2772
02:09:36,030 --> 02:09:38,450
EDDY: I'm sorry.

2773
02:09:38,450 --> 02:09:42,000
If she deletes these
from her favorites,

2774
02:09:42,000 --> 02:09:44,090
it reflects in her history.

2775
02:09:44,090 --> 02:09:46,490
And since we also delete
it from the history,

2776
02:09:46,490 --> 02:09:49,030
it no longer shows up.

2777
02:09:49,030 --> 02:09:54,820
We have another,
more intensive--

2778
02:09:54,820 --> 02:09:56,200
technical difficulties.

2779
02:09:56,200 --> 02:09:59,513
KELLY: Sorry, the simulator's
too big for that screen,

2780
02:09:59,513 --> 02:10:00,932
so we just have to go.

2781
02:10:00,932 --> 02:10:04,640
EDDY (WHISPERING): So
we'll just continue on.

2782
02:10:07,430 --> 02:10:09,300
It's fine we'll
just continue on.

2783
02:10:09,300 --> 02:10:11,219
it'll be fine.

2784
02:10:11,219 --> 02:10:13,260
KELLY (WHISPERING): I
don't know how to use this.

2785
02:10:26,344 --> 02:10:27,010
EDDY: All right.

2786
02:10:30,595 --> 02:10:32,020
KELLY: Present,
present, present.

2787
02:10:35,820 --> 02:10:38,150
EDDY: So that's most
of the functionality.

2788
02:10:38,150 --> 02:10:40,360
And now it's connected as well.

2789
02:10:40,360 --> 02:10:44,930
And she's been using
this past week.

2790
02:10:44,930 --> 02:10:45,960
A week and a half.

2791
02:10:45,960 --> 02:10:48,020
EUNICE: So we did a couple
experiments with her

2792
02:10:48,020 --> 02:10:51,510
to see how well our app worked
compared to all the other ways.

2793
02:10:51,510 --> 02:10:54,630
So we asked her to say
a short phrase first.

2794
02:10:54,630 --> 02:10:57,479
So just to say "Hi, my name is
Barbara" four different ways.

2795
02:10:57,479 --> 02:10:59,770
First by speaking, and then
writing on the BoogieBoard,

2796
02:10:59,770 --> 02:11:03,070
and then ScriptSpeak, and
then also her app Proloque.

2797
02:11:03,070 --> 02:11:09,727
As you can see, the
second time-- the orange

2798
02:11:09,727 --> 02:11:11,810
is when she writes the
phrase the very first time,

2799
02:11:11,810 --> 02:11:14,010
and then she saves
it in the app.

2800
02:11:14,010 --> 02:11:17,450
And then when she
closes the app and then

2801
02:11:17,450 --> 02:11:22,370
access it the second time,
ScriptSpeak is a lot faster.

2802
02:11:22,370 --> 02:11:25,450
The first time takes
a while, because this

2803
02:11:25,450 --> 02:11:26,780
was on her iPad, which is new.

2804
02:11:26,780 --> 02:11:29,110
So the auto correct
wasn't trained enough

2805
02:11:29,110 --> 02:11:30,568
with what she usually says.

2806
02:11:37,550 --> 02:11:39,280
So another thing
that we also measured

2807
02:11:39,280 --> 02:11:41,950
was the number of
clicks that it takes.

2808
02:11:41,950 --> 02:11:46,797
Also for ScriptSpeak, it
takes a lot fewer clicks.

2809
02:11:46,797 --> 02:11:47,630
As you can see here.

2810
02:11:47,630 --> 02:11:49,870
And also for Proloque,
the other app,

2811
02:11:49,870 --> 02:11:53,800
it is very inconsistent, because
it's very confusing for her.

2812
02:11:53,800 --> 02:11:56,200
So even though she saved
it, she couldn't find it,

2813
02:11:56,200 --> 02:11:58,070
so she had to end up
typing it again, which

2814
02:11:58,070 --> 02:12:01,310
is why it takes so many clicks.

2815
02:12:01,310 --> 02:12:05,715
This is a video of
her using Proloque.

2816
02:12:05,715 --> 02:12:08,010
Play it.

2817
02:12:08,010 --> 02:12:09,998
We don't have time
for the video.

2818
02:12:14,428 --> 02:12:15,922
EDDY: We can play it.

2819
02:12:19,408 --> 02:12:21,410
KELLY: Oh my gosh.

2820
02:12:21,410 --> 02:12:24,710
OK, we can move on then.

2821
02:12:24,710 --> 02:12:26,370
EDDY: So basically
in the video, you

2822
02:12:26,370 --> 02:12:29,090
see that she doesn't feel
comfortable with Proloque.

2823
02:12:29,090 --> 02:12:30,671
So we asked her to
repeat the phrase,

2824
02:12:30,671 --> 02:12:32,670
and she has to type out
the entire phrase again,

2825
02:12:32,670 --> 02:12:34,461
because she doesn't
know where it's stored.

2826
02:12:34,461 --> 02:12:35,990
Whereas, in our
application, she was

2827
02:12:35,990 --> 02:12:39,140
able to go to the other screen,
and immediately just find

2828
02:12:39,140 --> 02:12:41,820
in her history, and then
she favorited it after that,

2829
02:12:41,820 --> 02:12:42,920
and she had it as well.

2830
02:12:42,920 --> 02:12:44,795
So she was able to play
from the history page

2831
02:12:44,795 --> 02:12:45,990
without any real time.

2832
02:12:45,990 --> 02:12:49,140
It was like a three,
four second time

2833
02:12:49,140 --> 02:12:50,890
to reply, whereas
the other [INAUDIBLE]

2834
02:12:50,890 --> 02:12:55,190
was just as when she typed it.

2835
02:12:55,190 --> 02:12:57,779
EUNICE: And then we asked
her to repeat the experiment,

2836
02:12:57,779 --> 02:12:59,070
this time with a longer phrase.

2837
02:12:59,070 --> 02:13:01,590
And as you can see, the second
time it was a lot shorter.

2838
02:13:01,590 --> 02:13:04,097
With Proloque, it seems
like the second time is also

2839
02:13:04,097 --> 02:13:06,180
a lot shorter, but actually
it didn't really work,

2840
02:13:06,180 --> 02:13:07,600
so she clicked
it, and the phrase

2841
02:13:07,600 --> 02:13:11,590
was entered into her
text like multiple times,

2842
02:13:11,590 --> 02:13:13,270
and she was very
confused about it.

2843
02:13:13,270 --> 02:13:16,890
So actually, even those it
was fast, it didn't work well.

2844
02:13:16,890 --> 02:13:24,380
And as for the number of clicks,
similarly, it was fewer clicks,

2845
02:13:24,380 --> 02:13:25,380
but it didn't work.

2846
02:13:25,380 --> 02:13:28,860
So that didn't
accomplish the goal.

2847
02:13:28,860 --> 02:13:32,070
This is the amount
of time she used it.

2848
02:13:32,070 --> 02:13:34,820
So we left the app with
her over a weekend.

2849
02:13:34,820 --> 02:13:37,725
And she used-- this
is the information

2850
02:13:37,725 --> 02:13:38,710
we got from her iPad.

2851
02:13:38,710 --> 02:13:41,490
She used this phrase
twice, three times--

2852
02:13:41,490 --> 02:13:45,060
so she was actually
using this app to speak.

2853
02:13:45,060 --> 02:13:48,540
And she also used
on her phone more,

2854
02:13:48,540 --> 02:13:51,612
but we couldn't get
the data for that.

2855
02:13:51,612 --> 02:13:54,112
PROFESSOR: I think we're going
to stop here, just so that we

2856
02:13:54,112 --> 02:13:55,280
have time for questions.

2857
02:13:55,280 --> 02:13:56,720
Thanks very much.

2858
02:13:56,720 --> 02:13:59,120
[APPLAUSE]

2859
02:14:01,040 --> 02:14:02,480
Questions?

2860
02:14:02,480 --> 02:14:04,880
GUEST SPEAKER: I know
that in the beginning,

2861
02:14:04,880 --> 02:14:08,532
you were going with a different
direction with Barbara, right?

2862
02:14:08,532 --> 02:14:11,871
For using kind of a [? door ?]
automation, something.

2863
02:14:11,871 --> 02:14:15,200
Was it really difficult
to kind of switch gears

2864
02:14:15,200 --> 02:14:16,700
and go in another
direction when you

2865
02:14:16,700 --> 02:14:19,540
realized the first goal
wouldn't be achievable.

2866
02:14:19,540 --> 02:14:21,540
KELLY: Yeah, that was
probably the hardest thing

2867
02:14:21,540 --> 02:14:22,915
we had to deal
with all semester,

2868
02:14:22,915 --> 02:14:25,790
because when we finally chose
our idea to go with software

2869
02:14:25,790 --> 02:14:30,560
and develop and app, with
lost around a month's time.

2870
02:14:30,560 --> 02:14:32,480
So we had to really
cram it all in,

2871
02:14:32,480 --> 02:14:35,160
but it basically made us
realize that early on we

2872
02:14:35,160 --> 02:14:36,410
got to learn how to fail fast.

2873
02:14:36,410 --> 02:14:39,730
And so you can go with an idea,
but only until you realize

2874
02:14:39,730 --> 02:14:40,890
that's it's not possible.

2875
02:14:40,890 --> 02:14:43,032
And you shouldn't just
hold on to one thing,

2876
02:14:43,032 --> 02:14:45,490
because you think that that's
the only idea that she wants.

2877
02:14:45,490 --> 02:14:47,660
And so it's really important
to always communicate

2878
02:14:47,660 --> 02:14:51,162
with your client and throw out
any ideas you have as well,

2879
02:14:51,162 --> 02:14:52,870
because you're also
part of the solution,

2880
02:14:52,870 --> 02:14:54,797
and you have as much
say in it as they do.

2881
02:14:54,797 --> 02:14:56,380
And you can bounce
ideas of each other

2882
02:14:56,380 --> 02:14:59,930
and come up with
something really awesome.

2883
02:14:59,930 --> 02:15:02,880
EDDY: Another part
of that is that part

2884
02:15:02,880 --> 02:15:05,020
of what we have here
in our lessons learned

2885
02:15:05,020 --> 02:15:07,880
is we came up with an
idea of the ScriptSpeak

2886
02:15:07,880 --> 02:15:10,170
that we were never
asked for initially.

2887
02:15:10,170 --> 02:15:12,640
She really didn't think of
it as a possible solution.

2888
02:15:12,640 --> 02:15:15,600
She wanted home automation,
and we focused on that,

2889
02:15:15,600 --> 02:15:17,750
until we found
out by regulations

2890
02:15:17,750 --> 02:15:20,160
that we would have
too short of a time

2891
02:15:20,160 --> 02:15:21,580
to actually make a difference.

2892
02:15:21,580 --> 02:15:24,500
So we were able to make an
idea and converse with her

2893
02:15:24,500 --> 02:15:27,500
about something that she
didn't particularly want.

2894
02:15:27,500 --> 02:15:30,000
And then the moment we came up
with that idea, she was like,

2895
02:15:30,000 --> 02:15:30,666
oh, I love that.

2896
02:15:30,666 --> 02:15:31,170
Do that.

2897
02:15:31,170 --> 02:15:32,484
Forget the door.

2898
02:15:32,484 --> 02:15:35,600
So it was a hard
process, but we ended up

2899
02:15:35,600 --> 02:15:37,630
liking the project we had.

2900
02:15:37,630 --> 02:15:40,570
And we're all CS majors,
so it was definitely

2901
02:15:40,570 --> 02:15:42,170
our home-field advantage.

2902
02:15:42,170 --> 02:15:44,705
GUEST SPEAKER: So was it
something that you just

2903
02:15:44,705 --> 02:15:46,429
intuitively knew would help her?

2904
02:15:46,429 --> 02:15:48,220
KELLY: So she actually
mentioned many times

2905
02:15:48,220 --> 02:15:50,720
that she would like an app that
would help her speak better,

2906
02:15:50,720 --> 02:15:53,129
because it's the most difficult
problem she deals with.

2907
02:15:53,129 --> 02:15:55,670
She just didn't know that it
was possible to create something

2908
02:15:55,670 --> 02:15:56,600
that could fix it.

2909
02:15:56,600 --> 02:15:59,280
And so we realized that
hey, we're CS majors.

2910
02:15:59,280 --> 02:16:00,780
We can definitely
do this for you.

2911
02:16:00,780 --> 02:16:03,690
And she was amazed the see
that it was actually possible.

2912
02:16:06,940 --> 02:16:10,980
PROFESSOR: Other
questions or comments?

2913
02:16:10,980 --> 02:16:11,480
OK.

2914
02:16:11,480 --> 02:16:12,813
I think we're at the time today.

2915
02:16:12,813 --> 02:16:14,326
Thank you very
much Team Barbara.

2916
02:16:14,326 --> 02:16:16,060
[APPLAUSE]

2917
02:16:16,060 --> 02:16:18,140
Well, down there
today everybody.

2918
02:16:18,140 --> 02:16:22,010
Thanks for coming out for these
three hours of presentations.

2919
02:16:22,010 --> 02:16:26,390
We will have a class selection
next Wednesday at one o'clock,

2920
02:16:26,390 --> 02:16:30,580
and then the showcase is from
3:00 to 5:00 next Wednesday.

2921
02:16:30,580 --> 02:16:32,358
Thanks very much.